काव्यमीमांसा (महाकवि राजशेखर - कवि-रहस्य एवं देश-विभाग सटीक)

FOURTEENTH ADHYĀYA 229 देशकालकलालोकन्यायागमविरोधि च। इति दोषा दशैवैते वर्ज्याः काव्येषु सूरिभिः ॥ Daṇḍin. 4-3. देशकालस्वभावविरुद्धार्थानि लोकविरुद्धानि । कलाचतुर्वर्गशास्त्रविरुद्धार्थानि विद्याविरुद्धानि ॥ Vāmana. 2. 23, 24. Rājaśekhara, however, permits the use of अलौकिक and अशास्त्रीय descriptions, which he deals with in these three chapters and calls them as कविसमय. These varieties are, however, quite distinct from those included in the Doṣas by such earlier writers as Bhāmaha and others. Vāmana, for the first time, uses the word काव्यसमय in his 5-1 of the Kāvyālaṅkārasūtra and under this heading he instructs poets to observe certain rules in order that errors relating to grammar, metre and gender may not creep into their composition. The कविसमय explained by Rājaśekhara in these chapters seems to be different from Vāmana’s काव्यसमय also. Rājaśekhara seems here to indicate that though all the कविसमयs are generally against the Śāstras as well as usage, there are certain varieties which are worthy of being adopted; while there are others which are to be totally avoided. He intends saying that though his कविसमय seems to be लोकशास्त्रविरुद्ध, it is worthy of adoption in poetical composition because such things had actually existed either in early ages or in different parts of the world and also because earlier poets have adopted such descriptions in their works. Yet, another kind of descriptiou which is included amongst the Doṣas by Bhāmaha and others as अशास्त्रीय and अलौकिक should necessarily be avoided by poets, because in such cases the things described are purely imaginary and they neither existed at any time or at any place, nor such method as this was followed by any of the early poets. This is the real sense of the term Kavisamaya. Some dishonest poets, however, have used the same term in different ways so as to suit their own selfish ends. Rājaśekhara appears to be the first writer to deal with this subject exhaustively, and the later writers such as Hemacandra and others have borrowed freely from him; and in doing so they merely added some new verses as illustrations. Page. 79. *[The chapters XIV to XVIII are borrowed in काव्यानुशासनविवेक; दीर्घीकुर्वन् (मेघदूत 1. 30)].