काव्यप्रकाश (आचार्य मम्मट - सम्पूर्ण १० उल्लास सटीक)

24 KĀVYAPRAKĀŚA इति केचित् । स्वार्थसहचारिगुणाभेदेन पदार्थगता गुणा एव लक्ष्यन्ते न परार्थोऽभिधीयते इत्यन्ये । साधारणगुणाश्रयत्वेन परार्थ एव लक्ष्यते इत्यपरे । उक्तं चान्यत्र “अभिधेयाविनाभूतप्रतीतिर्लक्षणोच्यते । लक्ष्यमाणगुणैर्योगाद्वृत्तेरिष्टा तु गौणता” इति । अविनाभावोत्र संबन्धमात्रं न तु नान्तरीयकत्वम् । तत्त्वे हि ‘मञ्चाः क्रोशन्ति’ इत्यादौ न लक्षणा स्यात् । अविनाभावे चाक्षेपेणैव सिद्धेर्लक्षणाया नोपयोग इत्युक्तम् । The exact process of Indication in these cases is thus explained by some people :—When the ‘ploughman’ is spoken of as the ‘ox’, this latter word indicates the qualities of stupidity, dullness and the like which belong to the animal denoted by that word, and through these qualities (thus indirectly indicated) the word ‘ox’ comes to denote the man (and it is thus that the co-ordination between the man and the ox is secured).—According to others, how- ever, what happens is, not that the word ‘ox’ directly ex- presses the man (through its qualities of stupidity and dull- ness), but that it indirectly indicates similar qualities in the man.—But according to others again (men of our way of thinking), the word ‘ox’ indicates the man himself, as being the substratum of those same qualities that belong to the ox also. This has been declared elsewhere also (in the Ślokavārttika)—‘Indication is the name given to the cognition of what is invariably concomitant with what is directly expressed by the word ; and this process is called ‘qualitative’ on account of the indication being based upon the presence of certain qualities.’