काव्यप्रकाश (आचार्य मम्मट - सम्पूर्ण १० उल्लास सटीक)

26 KĀVYAPRAKĀŚA क्वचित् तादर्थ्यादुपचारः । यथा इन्द्रार्था स्थूणा इन्द्रः । क्वचित् स्वस्वामिभावात् । यथा राजकीयः पुरुषो राजा । क्वचित् अवयवावयविभावात् । यथा अग्रहस्त इत्यत्राग्रमात्रेवयवे हस्तः । क्वचित् तात्कर्म्यात् । यथा अतक्षा तक्षा ॥ Now here, in the case of the two kinds of 'qualita- tive' Indication, the purpose served [(a) in the case of the 'superimponent' variety, e. g., 'the ploughman is an ox'] is the bringing about of the cognition of similarity between the two things recognised as different from one another,—and [(b) in the case of the 'introsusceptive' variety, e. g., 'he is verily an ox'] it is the bringing about of the notion of absolute identity between the two things. In the case of the two kinds of 'pure' Indication [e g., (I) 'Butter is longevity' and (b) 'It is longevity itself'], on the other hand, the purpose served is the bringing about of the notion that the thing spoken of is one that accom- plishes a certain object in a way better than anything else [in the case of (a)] or infallibly [in the case of (b)] . In some cases the Indication is based upon the rela- tion of 'subserviency;' e.g., the pillar that subserves the purpose of (the worship of) Indra is called 'indra';— sometimes it is based upon the relationship of 'master and servant'; e. g. when the king's servant is spoken as the 'king';—in some cases it is based upon the relation- ship of 'whole and part'; e. g. in the expression 'agra- hastaḥ' ('foremost hand') as applied to any and every foremost limb, this latter is indicated by the word 'hand';— in other cases again it is based upon the relationship of 'doing the same work'; e. g., when one who is not a carpenter is spoken of as 'carpenter' (on account of his doing the carpenter's work).