पञ्चसिद्धान्तिका (आचार्य वराहमिहिर - सूर्य, रोमक, पौलिश, वासिष्ठ एवं पितामह सिद्धान्त)

XV.16 XV. SECRETS OF ASTRONOMY 287 12. If it is argued that from the point where the Sun just appears above the horizon east is determined, as the Sun sets at the same point after half a year, can this east become west also? What VM says in these two verses is essentially true. But his statement that it sets at the same point after half a year is not correct. It is not exactly half a year, and the Sun will disappear at any point proportionate to the fraction remaining over the full sidereal days gone between rising and setting. 13. For the gods at the North Pole, the day is determined by the Sun's decli- nation, (north declination being day-time, and south declination night), not like ours, depending on the daily rotation. It is 60 nāḍikās for us, and one year for the gods. 14. Every year the day and the night of the gods and of the asuras (demons, at the South Pole) is opposite, (i.e. when it is day-time for the gods it is night- time for the asuras, and vice versa); for the pitṛs (on the Moon), the day-night is one synodic month; and for men, it is sixty nāḍikās. 15. To the extent the Sun rises above the horizontal by two muhūrtas, (i.e. 24° above the horizon) to that extent the gods at the pole see the Sun rising above the horizon, and not more than that. The Sun spirals round and round after rising, with its altitude increasing with its north declina- tion. As the maximum declination is 24° (according to Hindu astronomy, and fairly correct at VM's time), the altitude never exceeds 24°. After that is spirals down. 16. The series of the Lords of the Horās and Lords of the days do not fit there as it does for us, because the sixty-nāḍikā-day-night does not obtain there. This statement fits not only the pole, but also all places in the arctic zone, when the Sun seen above the horizon exceeds 24 hours. The horā is one hour's time, and the Lords of the horās are successively Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury and Moon, and again Saturn etc. The lord of the first horā after sunrise is the lord of the day. It can be seen that the lord of the 25th horā is the lord of the day next in the day series. So, if the day is more than 24 hours, the two series cannot fit. 12a. A.B. अनुमात्र b. A.B. समार्धमिवा नु ( A2. ॰मिचा नु; B. ॰मित्वात्) c. B. तस्मिन्वास्तमये d. B. प्राचि भवेत् परा 13a. A. तेषामपक्रम; B. तेवाम ( B1.2. om म) पक्रमवशादिवसो ( B2. दि) c. B. षष्टिनोर्द्धोस्माकं d. B3. gap after णाम्; ( B1.2. no gap) 14a. B. वर्षे वर्षेन्दुर्निशं c. B. मास तु A.B. पितॄणां d. B. मनुज्ञानां B. नाडिकषष्टिः 15. Quoted by Utpala on BS 17.4-5. 15a. B1. भ्रमक्ता; B2. भ्रमवत्ता; B3. भ्रमवता for भूवृत्तात् b. A.C.D.U. क्षणद्वयेनोन्नतिं; B. क्षणवृयेणोन्नति ब्र ( B3. ०ण्णदाये) c. A.B.वारिण ( B. om ण) d. B. पश्यन्ति A. नोर्धमधः; B. नोर्धमंधः 16a. A. नटते ( A. नद्यते) यथास्माकं a-b. C. परम्परा तत्र नो यथास्माकम् | D. परम्परा न स्यात्तु यथास्माकत् c. A. तस्मिन्नाहो; B. षष्ठिनाड्यस्तस्मिन्नहो 38