बृहत्संहिता (आचार्य वराहमिहिर - स्थापत्य, खगोल, मौसम व जल विज्ञान)

Adh. XVII. Sl. 6-8] सप्तदशोऽध्यायः 187 Not to be confounded with this acceptation of Savya is its use in augury. Applied to augural birds, etc., Savya is strictly and properly "left," but as birds first appearing from the left of the observer move in the direction of his right, and keep him at their own right, savya, "left," and pradakshina, "moving to the right," imply the same, without being the same. Utpala remarks; सर्वे एव शकुनादयो यातुर्वामपार्श्वादग्रत आगत्य दक्षिणपार्श्वेनाक्रामन्ति यत् तत्प्रदक्षिणं सव्यञ्च । एतद्विपरीतं दक्षिणपार्श्वाद्व्वामपार्श्वेगमनं यत्तदपसव्यम्। In astronomical works, Savya "moving (revolving) toward the right" and Apasavya "moving toward the left, is common enough; e. g. Surya Siddha- nta xii—55; Siddhanta Siromani, Goladhyaya 3—51, Arya Bhatiya IV—16. रविराक्रन्दो मध्ये पौरः पूर्वेऽपरे स्थितो यायी । पौरा बुधगुरुरविजा नित्यं शीतांशुराक्रन्दः ॥६॥ केतुकुजराहुशुक्रा यायिन एते हता ग्रहा हन्युः । आक्रन्दयायिपौरान् जयिनो जयदाः स्ववर्गस्य ॥७॥ Slokas 6-7—The Sun when standing in the meridian is called आक्रन्द-Akranda, i. e., an ally coming to the rescue; when in the east, he is a पौर-Paura, i. e., a king staying in town; in the west, he is a यायी-Yayee, a king who marches off. Mercury, Jupiter and Saturn are always Pauras, while the Moon is always Akranda. Ketu, Mars, Rahu and Venus are marching planets.. All the planets known as the Akranda, Yayee, and Paura when hurt, will destroy severally kings coming to the rescue, marching and staying in town. In the case of their being victorious, they bestow victory on their own class of kings. पौरे पौरेण हते पौराः पौरान् नृपान्विनिघ्नन्ति । एवं याय्याक्रन्दा नागरयायिग्रहाश्चैव ॥८॥ Sloka 8.—When a पौर-Paura planet is overpowered by another of the same description, kings keeping the town will kill others in the same predicament. The same

188 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. XVII. Sl. 9-10. applies to यायि and आक्रन्द planets and kings. In case of a conflict between पौर and यायि planets, that which is victorious will bestow victory on its own class of kings. दक्षिणदिक्स्थः परुषो वेपथुरप्राप्य सन्निवृत्तोऽणुः । अधिरूढो विकृतो निष्प्रभो विवर्णश्च यः स जितः ॥९॥ Sloka 9.—A planet is defeated when he is standing south, rough, quivering, retrograding without actually coming in contact with the other, small, mounted upon, of unnatural appearance, without brilliance and colourless. Parasara adds अभिहत or struck. तथा च पराशरः। दशभिर्लक्षणैर्ग्रहं जितं विन्द्यात् विवर्णः परुषः सूक्ष्मो याम्याशामार्गस्थोऽधिरूढो निष्प्रभो विकृताऽभिहतोऽप्राप्य निवृत्तो वेपनश्च अन्यथा विजयी । तथा च गर्गः। अरश्मिलोहितः श्यामः परुषः सूक्ष्म एव च । अपसव्यगतो यश्च चक्रान्तःपतितस्तथा ॥ च्युतः स्थानाद्धतो यश्च प्रतिस्तब्धस्तथैव च । निष्प्रभो विकृतश्चापि जवेनाभिहतश्च यः ॥ अप्राप्य वा निवृत्तो यो वेपनः कृष्ण एव च । लक्षणैः सप्तदशभिर्ग्रहं विन्द्यात्पराजितम् ॥ उक्तविपरीतलक्षणसम्पन्नो जयगतो विनिर्दिश्यः । विपुलः स्निग्धो द्युतिमान् दक्षिणदिक्स्थोऽपि जययुक्तः ॥१०॥ Sloka 10.—A planet not possessing the above 'characteristics should be considered as victorious, i. e., when it is large, glossy and brilliant, even though stationed in the south. तथा च गर्गः। द्युतिमान् रश्मिसम्पन्नः प्रसन्नो रजतप्रभः । बृहद्रूपश्चरंश्चैव यः समेत्य ग्रहो भवेत् ॥ प्रभावर्णाधिको यश्च ग्रहमावृत्य तिष्ठति । तादृशं जयिनं विन्द्याद्ग्रहं ग्रहसमागमे ॥ तथा च पुलिशाचार्यः। सर्वे जयिन उदक्स्था दक्षिणदिक्स्थो जयी शुक्रः ॥

Adh. XVII. Sl. 11-14] सप्तदशोऽध्यायः 189 द्वावपि मयूखयुक्तौ विपुलौ स्निग्धौ समागमे भवतः । तत्रान्योन्यं प्रीतिर्विपरीतावात्मपक्षघ्नौ ॥११॥ Sloka 11.—When two planets at conjunction are radiant, large and glossy, they are said to be in love with each other, and the same will be the case with the parties denoted by them ; while in the contrary case they destroy those who belong to their own party. युद्धं समागमे वा यद्यव्यक्तौ स्वलक्षणैर्भवतः । भुवि भूभृतामपि तथा फलमव्यक्तं विनिर्देश्यम् ॥१२॥ Sloka 12.—If, owing to the indistinctness of the indications, it cannot be made out whether a conflict or a conjunction is taking place, the effects concerning the potentates on earth are said to be equally uncertain. युद्ध-Yudda-war is among the non-luminaries while समागम-Sama- gama is between the Moon and one of the non-luminaries. Some- times a conflict may take place without bringing out the conqueror clearly owing to both the planets being equally radiant, etc. गुरुणा जितेऽवनिसुते बाह्लीका यायिनोऽग्निवार्ताश्च । शशिजेन शूरसेनाः कलिङ्गशाल्वाश्च पीड्यन्ते ॥१३॥ सौरेणारे विजिते जयन्ति पौराः प्रजाश्च सीदन्ति । कोष्ठागारम्लेच्छक्षत्रियतपाश्च शुक्रजिते ॥१४॥ Slokas 13-14.—When Mars is defeated by Jupiter, the Bahlikas, chieftains marching off and people living by fire will be destroyed. When he is defeated by Mercury, the Surasenas, Kalingas and Salwas will suffer. When defeated by Saturn, kings staying in town will be vic- torious, but the subjects will come to grief. If he be defeated by Venus, granaries, Mlechchas and Kshatriyas will suffer.

190 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. XVII. Sl. 15-20 भौमेन हते शशिजे वृक्षसरित्तापसाश्मकनरेन्द्राः । उत्तरदिक्स्थाः क्रतुदीक्षिताश्च सन्तापमायान्ति ॥१५॥ गुरुणा जिते बुधे म्लेच्छशूद्रचौरार्थयुक्तपौरजनाः । त्रैगर्तपार्व्वतीयाः पीड्यन्ते कम्पते च मही ॥१६॥ रविजेन बुधे ध्वस्ते नाविकयोधाब्जसधनगर्भिण्यः । भृगुणा जितेऽग्निकोपः सस्याम्बुदयायिविध्वंसः ॥१७॥ Slokas 15-17.—When Mercury is beaten by Mars, trees, rivers, ascetics, the Asmakas, kings, northerners, and persons performing sacrifices will suffer. When he is defeated by Jupiter, the barbarians, Sudras, thieves, rich men, citizens, Trigarthas and Parvateeyas come to grief and there will be an earthquake. If Mercury be defeated by Saturn, sailors, soldiers, aquatic products, rich men and pregnant women will suffer. When he is overcome by Venus, fires will break out and corn, clouds and marching kings will be ruined. जीवे शुक्राभिहते कुलूतगान्धारकेकया भद्राः । शाल्वा वत्सा वङ्गा गावः सस्यानि पीड्यन्ते ॥१८॥ भौमेन हते जीवे मध्यो देशो नरेश्वरा गावः । सौरेण चार्जुनायनवसातियौधेयशिबिविप्राः ॥१९॥ शशितनयेनापि जिते बृहस्पतौ म्लेच्छसत्यशस्त्रभृतः । उपयान्ति मध्यदेशश्च सङ्क्षयं यच्च भक्तिफलम् ॥२०॥ Slokas 18-20.—When Jupiter is vanquished by Venus, the Kulutas, Gandharas, Kaikayas, Madras, Salwas Vatsas, Vangas, cows and corn will be destroyed. When he is defeated by Mars, the middle country, kings and cows will suffer. When he is defeated by Saturn, the Arjunayanas, Vasathees, Yaudheyas, Sibis, and Brahmins will suffer. When by Mercury, the barbarians, truthful

Adh. XVII. Sl. 21-26] सप्तदशोऽध्यायः 191 men, swordsmen and the middle country will be ruined. This affects also those described in Adhyaya XVI— 21-25 supra. शुक्रे बृहस्पतिजिते यायी श्रेष्ठो विनाशमुपयाति । ब्रह्मक्षत्रविरोधः सलिलं च न वासवस्त्यजति ॥२१॥ कोसलकलिङ्गवङ्गा वत्सा मत्स्याश्च मध्यदेशयुताः । महतीं व्रजन्ति पीडां नपुंसकाः शूरसेनाश्च ॥२२॥ कुजविजिते भृगुतनये बलमुख्यवधो नरेन्द्रसङ्ग्रामाः । सौम्येन पार्व्वतीयाः क्षीरविनाशोऽल्पवृष्टिश्च ॥२३॥ रविजेन सिते विजिते गणमुख्याः शस्त्रजीविनः क्षत्रम् ॥ जलजाश्च निपीड्यन्ते सामान्यं भक्तिफलमन्यत् ॥२४॥ Slokas 21-24.—When Venus is defeated by Jupiter, the marching chieftain will meet with his end; discord will arise between Brahmins and Kshatriyas, and there will be no rain; the Kosalas, Kalingas, Vangas, Vatsas, Mathsyas, the middle country people, eunuchs and the Surasenas will suffer severely. When he is defeated by Mars, commandants of armies will be slain, and kings will wage war. When defeated by Mercury, the Parva- teeyas will be lost; there will be no milk-supply and rain will be scarce. When he is defeated by Saturn, foremen of corporations, military men, Kshatriyas and aquatic animals will be afflicted. Moreover, the general effect mentioned in Adhyaya XVI—26-30 will take place. असिते सितेन निहतेऽर्घवृद्धिरहिविहंगमानिनां पीडा । क्षितिजेन तङ्गणान्ध्रोड्रकाशिकाबाहीकदेशानाम् ॥२५॥ सौम्येन पराभूते मन्देऽङ्गवणिग्विहङ्गपशुनागाः । सन्ताप्यन्ते गुरुणा स्त्रीबहुला महिषकमकाश्च ॥२६॥

192 वृहत्संहितायाम् XVII. 27, XVIII. 1. Slokas 25-26.—When Saturn is subdued by Venus, prices soar up, snakes, birds, and proud men suffer. Like- wise, the Tangana, Andhra, Udra, Kasi and Bahleeka countries will come to grief when Saturn is overcome by Mars. When he is defeated by Mercury, the Angas, merchants, birds, cattle and elephants suffer ; and when defeated by Jupiter, countries where women are predomi- nating in number, the Mahishakas and Scythians will be afflicted. अयं विशेषोऽभिहितो हतानां कुजज्ञवागीशसितासितानाम् । फलं तु वाच्यं ग्रहभक्तितोऽन्यद्यथा तथा घ्नन्ति हताः स्वभक्तीः ॥ Sloka 27.—Thus have been described the special effects of the defeat of Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus and Saturn. The other—viz. general—effects are to be deter- mined from the previous Adhyaya. The more any planet is stricken, the more will he ruin all that belongs to his department. तथा च पराशरः । ग्रहस्य ये यस्य हताः स्वदेशाः पीडांश्मृच्छन्ति त एव तस्य । सम्प्राप्तवीर्याश्च जये समर्था भवन्ति तस्यार्द्धिचतुष्पदाद्याः ॥ Thus ends the 17th Adhyaya on 'Planetary Conflict.' शशिग्रहसमागमाध्यायः ॥१८॥ Conjunction of the Moon with planets or stars. भानां यथासम्भवमुत्तरेण यातो ग्रहाणां यदि वा शशाङ्कः । प्रदक्षिणं तच्छुभमृक्षराणां याम्येन यातो न शिवः शशाङ्कः ॥१॥ Sloka 1.—The Moon moving (more or less) to the north of the stars or planets wherever possible, i. e., keep-

Adh. XVIII. Sl. 2-4] अष्टादशोऽध्यायः 193 ing them to her right side, augurs prosperityto mankind. If she goes in the opposite direction, it is not auspicious to them. तथा च ऋषिपुत्रः दक्षिणेनापसव्य स्यादुत्तरेण प्रदक्षिणम् । ग्रहाणां चन्द्रमा ज्ञेयो नक्षत्राणां तथैव च ॥ तथा च वृद्धगर्गः नक्षत्राणां ग्रहाणां वा यदा तूत्तरगः शशी । तत्प्रदक्षिणमित्याहुर्भवेत्क्षेमसुवृष्टये ॥ नक्षत्राणां ग्रहाणां वा यदा दक्षिणतो व्रजेत् । अपसव्यं तदेव स्यादवृष्टिभयलक्षणम् ॥ चन्द्रमा यदि कुजस्य यात्युदक्पार्वतीयबलशालिनां जयः । क्षत्रियाः प्रमुदिताः सयायिनो भूरिधान्यमुदिता वसुन्धरा ॥२॥ Sloka 2.—If the Moon moves to the north of Mars, the Parvateeyas and mighty men will be victorious ; Kshatriyas and marching kings will be cheerful and the earth will rejoice in the abundance of corn. उत्तरतः स्वसुतस्य शशाङ्कः पौरजयाय सुभिक्षकरश्च । सस्यचयं कुरुते जनहार्दि कोशचयं च नराधिपतीनाम् ॥३॥ Sloka 3.—The Moon moving to the north of Mercury brings victory to the kings in the town, confers plenty of food and corn, happiness on people, and influx of wealth to the treasuries of kings. बृहस्पतेरुत्तरगे शशाङ्के पौराद्विजक्षत्रियपण्डितानाम् । धर्मस्य देशस्य च मध्यमस्य वृद्धिः सुभिक्षं मुदिताः प्रजाश्च ॥४॥ Sloka 4.—When the Moon is to the north of Jupiter, kings guarding towns, Brahmins, Kshatriyas, scholars, righteousness and the middle country will thrive ; there will be plenty of food and the people will be happy. बृ. सं. 25

194 वृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. XVIII. Sl. 5-8] भार्गवस्य यदि यात्युदक् शशी कोशयुक्तगजवाजिबृद्धिदः । यायिनां च विजयो धनुष्मतां सस्यसम्पदपि चोत्तमा तदा ॥५॥ Sloka 5.—When the Moon is to the north of Venus, hoarders of wealth, elephants and horses will flourish, archers and marching chiefs will conquer and the crops will be at their best. रविजस्य शशी प्रदक्षिणं कुर्याच्चेत्पुरभूभृतां जयः । शकबाह्लिकसिन्धुपह्लवा मुद्राजो यवनैः समन्विताः ॥६॥ Sloka 6.—Should the Moon move to the north of Saturn, sovereigns keeping the town would triumph, and the Scythians, Bahleekas, Sindhus, Pahlavas and Yavanas would be joyful. येषामुदग्गच्छति भग्रहाणां प्रालेयरश्मिर्निरुपद्रवश्च । तद्द्रव्यपौरैतरभक्तिदेशान् पुष्णाति याम्येन निहन्ति तानि ॥७॥ Sloka 7.—If the Moon move to the north of a star or a planet, herself remaining unhurt, she benefits the substances, kings in town or marching chiefs as the case may be, and the countries assigned to the particular star or planet. If on the other hand she moves to the south of the same, she destroys the above-mentioned belongings. शशिनि फलमुदक्स्थे यद्ग्रहस्योपदिष्टं भवति तदपसव्ये सर्वमेव प्रतीपम् । इति शशिसमवायाः कीर्तिता भग्रहाणां न खलु भवति युद्धं साकमिन्दोर्ग्रहर्क्षैः ॥८॥ Sloka 8.—All the effects announced in the case of the Moon standing north of a planet become nullified when she stands south. Thus have been described the Moon's conjunction with stars and planets. There is

Adh. XIX. ] एकोनविंशोऽध्यायः 195 absolutely no fight between the Moon on one side and a planet or a star on the other. तथाऽऽचार्यविष्णुचन्द्रः । दिवसकरेणास्तमयः समागमः शीतरश्मिसहितानाम् । कुसुतीदानां युद्धं निगद्यतेऽन्योन्ययुक्तानाम् ॥ इति ॥ यच्चोक्तमादित्यस्य जयपराजयं ते गोलवासना बाह्याः । Thus ends the 18th Adhyaya on "the Conjunction of the Moon with the Planets or Stars." ग्रहवर्षफलाध्यायः ॥१९॥ The years presided over by each of the planets and their results. Utpala has made the following remarks : कस्य ग्रहस्य कस्मिन्वर्षे कीदृशानि शुभाशुभानि फलानि भवन्तीति । यत आचार्येण पूर्वमेव प्रतिज्ञातमासीत् । पञ्चसिद्धान्तिकायाम् वर्ष यद्यस्य फलं मासे च मुनिप्रणीतमालोक्य । तत्तद्वृत्तैर्वक्ष्ये होरातन्त्रोत्तरविधाने ॥ इति- It will thus be seen that Varahamihira fulfils the promise he had made above (in the Panchasiddhantika), by 'treating of this subject in the present work. Dr. Kern remarks in his foot notes:— "It is not known which source has been chiefly used by our author in this particular instance ; thus much, however, is certain, that long before his time Greek horoscopy had been introduced into India." By मुनिप्रणीतं, Varahamihira certainly refers to Garga, Para- sara and a host of other Hindu astrologers (as he has consistently been doing in all his works. No doubt, Yavana lived before Varahamihira and that Greek astrology was not unknown in India in his time. But to say that this idea about Varsha and Masa Phalas has been introduced into India by Yavana is 'certainly in- correct as sages who lived in India ages before have freely spoken about these. It may safely be said that ancient sages of India like

196 : बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. XIX. Sl. 1-3 Garga, Parasara, etc., have known all about these and that Varahamihira perfected all these things in his Samhita as promised, knowing also that Yavanacharya also has known all about these. It may not be out of place to bring to the notice of the readers . that Maharshi Parasara, the father of the celebrated Vyasa, popu- larly known as वेदव्यास-Vedavyasa, existed far before the advent of Kali (कलि), that is, the fourth millennium B. C., and that for a sage of this repute, it is not correct to conclude that Parasara had to learn everything from the West. What I want to impress is that our ancient sages who were founders of the Six Angas (षडङ्ग) of the Vedas, did not require any foreign agency to put them in the way, but that they were in themselves, each a mine of knowledge. Further, to support my statement that Indian culture existed earlier than the Greeks, I quote below the following line from Raghuvamsa:—. यवनीमुखपद्मानां सेहे मधुमदं न सः ॥ सर्वत्र भूर्विरलसस्ययुता वनानि दैवाद्धिभक्षयिषुदंष्ट्रिसमावृतानि । नद्यश्च नैव हि पयः प्रचुरं स्रवन्ति रुग्भेषजानि न तथातिबलान्वितानि ॥१॥ तीक्ष्णं तपत्यदितिजः शिशिरेऽपि काले नात्यम्बुदा जलमुचोऽचलसन्निकाशाः । नष्टप्रभर्क्षगणशीतकरं नभश्च सीदन्ति तापसकुलानि सगोकुलानि ॥२॥ हस्त्यश्वपत्तिम्मदसद्मबलैरुपैता बाणासनासिमुशलातिशयाश्चरन्ति । घ्नन्तो नृपा युधि नृपानुचरैश्च देशान् संवत्सरे दिनकरस्य दिनेऽथ मासे ॥३॥ Slokas 1-3.—The state of things in a year, month or day presided over by the Sun will be as follows : every- where, the earth is covered with very little crop, the

Adh. XIX. Sl. 4-5. ] एकोनविंशोऽध्यायः 197 forests are infested with voracious tusked animals as a visitation ; very little water flows in the rivers ; medicines do not show their usual potency. Even in winter, the Sun burns scorchingly ; clouds, though big as mountains, do not pour forth sufficient rain. The Moon and the cluster of stars in the sky lose their brilliance. Groups of hermits and cattle languish. Monarchs with irresistible forces consisting of elephants, horses and foot- soldiers, with their followers and with an excellent arma- ment of bows, swords and clubs go about destroying the lands by war. तथा च यवनेश्वरः । अब्दाश्रयं लक्षणमीरितं यद्ग्रहस्वभावप्रभवं जनानाम् । तदेव तन्मासदिनर्तुषूक्तं तदीशसंस्थानविकल्पितं च ॥ दिवाकराब्दे रणविग्रहोऽग्रः क्षितीश्वरस्तीव्रविषज्वराग्निः । अवर्षशुष्कद्रुमशुष्कसस्यप्रचण्डवन्ह्युग्रविषाक्षिरोगाः ॥ तथा च समाससंहितायाम् । तीक्ष्णोऽर्कः स्वल्पसस्यश्च गतमेघोऽतितस्करः । बहूरगव्याधिगणो भास्कराब्दो रणाकुलः ॥ व्याप्तं नभः प्रचलिताचलसन्निकाशै- र्व्यालाञ्जनालिगवलच्छविभिः पयोदैः । गां पूरयद्भिरखिलाममलाभिरद्भि- रुत्कण्ठकेन गुरुणा ध्वनितेन चाशाः ॥४॥ तोयानि पद्मकुमुदोत्पलवन्त्यतीव फुल्लद्रुमाण्युपवनान्यलिनादितानि । गावः प्रभूतपयसो नयनाभिरामा रामा रतैरविरतं रमयन्ति रामान् ॥५॥ गोधूमशालियवधान्यवरेक्षुवाटा भूः पाल्यते नृपतिभिर्नगरात्कराढ्या ।

198 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. XIX. Sl. 6-7. चित्याङ्किता क्रतुवरैष्टिबिघुष्टनादा संवत्सरे शिशिरगोरभिसम्प्रवृत्ते ॥६॥ Slokas 4-6.—During the year presided over by the Moon, the sky will be covered with clouds which resemble moving mountains, which show the dark hue of snakes, collyrium, bees and buffaloes' horn, and which fill the whole earth with pure water and the quarters with a deep sound that creates pangs of separation in the minds of lovers. The water-sheets are decked with lotuses and lilies, the trees are blossoming and the bees humming in the parks ; the cows yield abundant milk, and charming ladies increasingly delight their handsome lovers with amorous sports. Kings rule over the earth rich in wheat, paddy, barley, Kalama rice and plantations of sugarcane, and in towns and mines marked with sacrificial altars and resounding with the noise of great and small sacrifices. उत्कण्ठितेन is another reading for उत्कण्ठकेन. तथा च यवनेश्वरः । सम्पन्नसस्यक्षुपशष्पशालिप्ररूढगुल्मो बहुवर्षधारः । रत्नौषधिस्नेहपटुप्रसेकश्चान्द्रो रतिस्त्रीसुखवर्धनोऽब्दः ॥ तथा च समाससंहितायाम् । बहुवर्षोऽतिसस्यश्च गवां क्षीरप्रदायकः । चन्द्राब्दः कामिनामिष्टश्चित्याङ्कितमहीतलः ॥ वातोद्धतश्चरति वह्निरतिप्रचण्डो ग्रामान्वनानि नगराणि च सन्दिक्षुः । हाहेति दस्युगणपातहता रटन्ति निःस्वीकृता विपशवो भुवि मर्त्यसंघाः ॥७॥ अभ्युन्नता वियति संहतमूर्तयोऽपि मुञ्चन्ति न क्वचिदपः प्रचुरं पयोदाः ।

Adh. XIX. Sl. 8-10] एकोनविंशोऽध्यायः 199 सीम्नि प्रजातमपि शोषमुपैति सस्यं निष्पन्नमप्यविनयादपरे हरन्ति ॥८॥ भूपा न सम्यगभिपालनशक्तचित्ताः पित्तोत्थरुकप्रचुरता भुजगप्रकोपः । एवंविधैरुपहता भवति प्रजेयं संवत्सरेऽवनिसुतस्य विपन्नसस्या ॥९॥ Slokas 7-9.—In the year presided over by Mars, most violent fires roused by the wind spread out threaten- ing to consume villages, forests and towns ; crowds of men ruined by the inroads of hordes of robbers and bereft of their properties and cattle cry out 'alas, alas', throughout the land. The clouds, although bulky in appearance and piled up will not let loose anywhere much water. Even the crops that grow in the low-lying lands wither out. Even if it should bear fruit, it will be forcibly taken away by robbers. Kings do not attend whole-heartedly to their governing duties. Bilious diseases prevail ; there will be trouble from snakes. Mankind whose crops have failed will be thus afflicted by various calamities. तथा च यवनेश्वरः । रणप्रचण्डः क्षितिपोऽल्पसस्यो विशुष्कवारिद्रुमशष्पशीर्णः । अङ्गारकाब्दः प्रचुरोरगाग्निरुगातङ्कचौर्यक्षुद्वृष्टि दृष्टः ॥ तथा च समाससंहितायाम् । अग्नितस्कररोगाढ्यो नृपविग्रहदायकः । गतसस्यो बहुव्यालो भौमाब्दो बालहा भृशम् ॥ मायेन्द्रजालकुहकाकरनागराणां गान्धर्वलेख्यगणितास्त्रविदां च वृद्धिः । विप्रप्रिया नृपतयोऽद्भुतदर्शनानि दित्सन्ति तुष्टिजननानि परस्परेभ्यः ॥१०॥

200 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. XIX. Sl. 11-13 वार्त्ता जगत्यवितथा विकला त्रयी च सम्यक्चरत्यपि मनोरिव दण्डनीतिः । अध्यक्षरखभिनिविष्टधियोऽपि केचि- दान्वीक्षिकीषु च परं पदमीहमानाः ॥११॥ हास्यज्ञदूतकविबालनपुंसकानां युत्तिङ्गसेतुजलपर्वतवासिनां च । हार्दं करोति मृगलाञ्छनजः स्वकेऽब्दे मासेऽथवा प्रचुरता भुवि चौषधीनाम् ॥१२॥ Slokas 10-12.—If Mercury be the lord of the year, month or day, men proficient in the art of jugglery, enchantments and magic, mines, townspeople, musicians, painters, accountants and military men will thrive; kings will desire to exchange beautiful things creating joy among themselves with the idea of cultivating friendship. Rearing of cattle, trade, and husbandry will thrive through honesty. Vedic studies will be in a state of per- fection. Justice will be administered scrupulously by kings as by Manu himself. Some will apply their mind to Yoga Vidya and others desiring the highest state to the science of logic. Jestlers, envoys, poets, children, eunuchs, perfumers and those that live near bridges, water and mountains will be happy. The earth will abound in herbs. तथा च यवनेश्वरः । संन्धानदानप्रयतः क्षितीशः स्वाध्यायतीर्थाध्वरभीर्द्विजौघः । निराधिरुक्काम्यससस्यवर्षो बौधः सुहृत्स्नेहविवर्धनोऽब्दः ॥ तथा च समाससंहितायाम् । ब्रह्मक्षत्रस्य सस्यानां जनानां च कलाविदाम् । वृद्धिप्रदोऽब्दो बौधस्तु भूपसाम्यकरः क्षितौ ॥ ध्वनिरुच्चरितोऽध्वरे द्युगामी विपुलो यज्ञमुषां मनांसि भिन्दन् । विचरत्यनिशं द्विजोत्तमानां हृदयानन्दकरोऽध्वरांशभाजाम् ॥१३॥

Adh. XIX. Sl. 14-18] एकोनविंशोऽध्यायः 201 क्षितिरुत्तमसस्यवत्यनेकद्विपपत्त्यश्वधनोरुगोकुलाढ्या । क्षितिपेरभिपालनप्रवृद्धा द्युचरस्पर्द्धिंजना तदा विभाति ॥१४॥ विविधैर्वियदुन्नतैः पयोदैर्वृतमुर्वी पयसाभितर्पयद्भिः । सुरराजगुरोः शुभे तु वर्षे बहुसस्या क्षितिरुत्तमर्द्धियुक्ता ॥१५॥ Slokas 13-15.—[In the auspicious year presided over by Jupiter,] the deep sounds produced in sacrifice by the great priests chanting Vedic hymns go up to heaven continually rending the hearts of evil spirits and delighting the hearts of the Gods partaking of the offerings. (The earth is so full of excellent crops, so teeming with elephants, horse and foot, so stored with wealth and large herds of cows, and so prosperous owing to the protection of her rulers, that her people seem to vie with the denizens of heaven. The sky is covered with numerous towering clouds that regale the earth with water. (The earth will be blessed with plenty of corn and great prosperity. तथा च यवनेश्वरः । सुवर्षयज्ञोत्सवसम्प्रदानो नीरुग्भ्रथो धर्मपरोऽवनीशः । स्फीतानुपानैर्बहुसस्यकर्मा गुरोः स्वकर्मप्रयतप्रजोऽब्दः ॥ तथा च समाससंहितायाम् । बहुयज्ञोऽतिसस्यश्च गोगजाश्वहितस्तथा । पुरन्दरगुरोरब्दो बहुसस्यप्रदः शिवः ॥ शालीक्षुमत्यपि धरा धरणीधराभधाराधरोज्झितपयःपरिपूर्णवप्रा । श्रीमत्सरोरुहतताम्बुतडागकीर्णा योषेव भात्यभिनवाभरणोज्वलाङ्गी क्षत्रं क्षितौ क्षपितभूरिबलारिपक्षमुद्घुष्टनैकजयशब्दविराविताशम् संहृष्टशिष्टजनदुष्टविनष्टवर्गां गां पालयन्त्यवनिपा नगराकराढ्याम् ॥ पेपीयते मधु मधौ सह कामिनीभिर्जेगीयते श्रवणहारि सवेणुवीणम् । बोभुज्यतेऽतिथिसुहृत्स्वजनैः सहाग्रमब्दे सितस्य मदनस्य जयानघोषः दृ. सं. 26

202 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. XIX. Sl. 19-21. Slokas 16.18.—In a year presided over by Venus, the earth will abound in rice and sugarcane, its surface will be filled with water poured out by clouds resembling mountains ; it will be studded with tanks whose water is decked with beautiful lotuses and thus it will shine like a damsel with her limb dazzling through fresh ornaments. The kings will smash the mighty hosts of enemies making the quarters resound with the loud cries of victory. And the kings will rule over the earth rich in towns, mines and good people that are contented ; and all bands of wicked persons will be annihilated. In the vernal season, young men will drink frequently wine with their beloveds ; people constantly will sing melodiously to the accompaniment of flute and lute. Men will dine often with their guests, friends and relatives ; and the cries of victory of the God of Love will be heard everywhere. तथा च यवनेश्वरः । पर्याप्तसौख्यस्फुटसस्यमेघाः प्ररूढवल्लीवरशष्पपुष्पः । कामप्रकामः क्षितिपो मुदाह्वः शौक्रोऽङ्गनाहर्षवसुप्रदोऽब्दः ॥ तथा च समाससंहितायाम् सस्याढ्यो धर्मबहुलो गतातङ्को बहुदकः । कामिनां कामदः कामं सिताब्दो नृपशर्मदः ॥ उद्दृप्तदस्युगणभूरिरणाकुलानि राष्ट्राण्यनेकपशुवित्तविनाकृतानि । रोरूयमाणहतबन्धुजनैर्जनैश्च रोगोत्तमाकुलकुलानि बुभुक्षया च॥१९ वातोद्धताम्बुधरवर्जितमन्तरिक्षमारुग्णनैकविटपं च धरातलं द्यौः । नष्टार्कचन्द्रकिरणाऽतिरजोऽवनद्धातोयाशयाश्चविजलाःसरितोपितन्व्यः जातानि कुत्रचिदतोयतया विनाशमृच्छन्ति पुष्टिमपराणिजलोक्षितानि सस्यानि मन्दमभिवर्षति वृत्रशत्रुर्वर्षे दिवाकरसुतस्य सदा प्रवृत्ते ॥ Slokas 19-21.—In a year presided over by Saturn, the country will be torn by many battles of unruly bands

Adh. XIX. Sl. 22.] एकोनविंशोऽध्यायः 203 of robbers, will be deprived of cattle and properties and whole families will cry piteously owing to the murder of their near and dear ones and be oppressed by fell diseases and hunger. The sky will be bereft of clouds being chased by the wind ; all the trees with their branches broken down will cover the earth. The sky will not be illuminated by the rays of the Sun and the Moon, since it is covered with a dense mass of dust. Tanks and lakes will dry up ; and the rivers will become very shallow. In some parts, the crops will perish for want of water, in others, they get on being watered by artificial means ; and the Rain-god yields but little rain. तथा च यवनेश्वरः तुष्टाहपवर्षः प्रबलानिलाग्निविध्वस्तसस्यश्चलितक्षितीशः । मृत्युक्षुधातङ्कभयोपजुष्टः शनैश्चरोऽब्दः पशुशूद्रगोघ्नः ॥ तथा च समाससंहितायाम् दुर्भिक्षमरकं रोगान् करोति पवनं तथा । शनैश्चरोऽब्दो दोषांश्च विग्रहांश्चैव भूभुजाम् ॥ संवत्सरोक्तं सकलमृतुमासायनेषु च । फलं ग्रहस्य वक्तव्यं बलयुक्तस्य नान्यथा ॥ अणुरपटुमयूखो नीचगोऽन्यैर्जितो वा न सकलफलदाता पुष्टिदोऽतोऽन्यथा यः । यदशुभमशुभेऽब्दे मासजं तस्य वृद्धिः शुभफलमपि चैवं याप्यमन्योन्यतायाम् ॥२२॥ Śloka 22.—If a planet be small, with faint rays, be posited in his depression house or be overcome by another, he will not give any good result. If he be otherwise i. e., big, with brilliance, posited in a good house, or be victorious in war, he will confer great prosperity. If the lords of the year and the month be both malefic, then

204 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. XX. Sl. 1-2. their evil effects will be aggravated in the particular month. On the other hand, if both be benefic, the good effects will be heightened. If one of them be good and the other bad, the result will be trifling. तथा च देवलः बली वर्षपतिः पुष्टं फलं यच्छति शोभनम् । विबलश्च तथानिष्टं वर्षमासदिनात्मकम् ॥ Thus ends the 19th Aduyaya "on the years presided over by the several planets." ग्रहशृङ्गाटकाध्यायः ॥२०॥ The Planetary Triangle. यस्यां दिशि दृश्यन्ते विशन्ति ताराग्रहा रविं सर्वे । भवति भयं दिशि तस्यामायुधकोपक्षुधातङ्कैः ॥१॥ Sloka 1.—The direction in which all the non-lumi- naries are sighted after their emergence from the Sun or are eclipsed by the Sun will be afflicted with famine, war and diseases. तथा च काश्यपः । भूमिपुत्रादयः सर्वे यस्यामस्तमिते रवौ । दृश्यन्तेऽस्तमये वापि यत्र यान्ति रवेस्ततः ॥ दुर्भिक्षं शस्त्रकोपं च जनानां मरकं भवेत् । अन्योन्यं भूमिपाः सर्वे विनिघ्नन्ति प्रजास्तथा ॥ चक्रधनुः शृङ्गाटकदण्डपुरप्रासवज्रसंस्थानाः । क्षुद्वृष्टिकरा लोके समराय च मानवेन्द्राणाम् ॥२॥ Sloka 2.—The configurations termed चक्र (chakra- discus), धनुस (Dhanus-bow), शृङ्गाटक (Sringataka-triangle), दण्ड (Danda-staff), पुर (Pura-town,) प्रास (Prasa-dart) and वज्र (Vajra thunder-bolt), bring famine and drought to mankind and promote war among kings.

Adh. XX. Sl. 3-6] विंशोऽध्यायः 205 तथा च काश्यपः । विहायोक्तं च संस्थानं दृश्यन्ते वै ग्रहा यदा । तदा न तत्फलं ब्रूयाल्लोके नाशुभदाश्च ते ॥ यस्मिन् खांशे दृश्या ग्रहमाला दिनकरे दिनान्तगते । तत्रान्यो भवति नृपः परचक्रोपद्रवश्च महान् ॥३॥ Sloka 3.—In any part of the sky where a cluster of planets is seen at Sunset, there will be another king in the country corresponding to that quarter, and there will be great trouble from foreign foes. यस्मिन्नृक्षे कुर्युः समागमं तज्जनान् ग्रहा हन्युः । अविभेदिनः परस्परममलमयूखाः शिवास्तेषाम् ॥४॥ Sloka 4.—When planets come together in any as- terism, people belonging to that particular asterism (vide Adhyaya XIV, supra) will be killed. But they will prove auspicious to the same people if they shed bright rays and do not occult each other. तथा च समाससंहितायाम् । सर्वे यदा दिनकरं विशन्ति कुर्युर्ग्रहास्तदा पीडाम् । क्षुच्छस्त्रभयातङ्कैरपरैश्च परस्पराघातैः ॥ प्रत्यर्चिषः प्रसन्नाः सम्भृतकिरणाः प्रदक्षिणावर्ताः । सुस्निग्धामलतनवः क्षेमसुभिक्षावहास्ते स्युः ॥ ग्रहसंवर्तसमागमसम्मोहसमाजसन्निपाताख्याः । कोशश्चेत्येतेषामभिधास्ये लक्षणं सफलम् ॥५॥ Sloka 5.—I shall now describe the characteristics and effects of the six planetary combinations, viz., संवर्त Samvarta - concourse, समागम - Samagama — gathering, सम्मोह Sammoha - tarnishing, समाज Samaja - meeting, सन्निपात Sannipata-encounter, and कोश Kosa-fellowship. एकर्क्षे चत्वारः सह पौरैर्यायिनोऽथवा पञ्च । संवर्त्तो नाम भवेच्छिखिराहुयुतः स सम्मोहः ॥६॥

206 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. XX. Sl. 7-8. पौरः पौरसमेतो यायी सह यायिना समाजाख्यः । यमजीवसङ्गमेऽन्यो यद्यागच्छेत्तदा कोशः ॥७॥ उदितः पश्चादेकः प्राक् चान्यो यदि स सन्निपाताख्यः । अविकृततनवः स्निग्धा विपुलाश्च समागमे धन्याः ॥८॥ Slokas 6-8.—When four or five planets, marching or stationary, congregate in a single asterism, the Yoga is termed संवर्त or concourse. If they be also combined with Rahu or a comet, it is called सम्मोह or tarnishing. When a stationary planet associates with another stationary planet, or one on march with another of the same type, the conjunction is named समाज or meeting. When some other planet joins the party made up of Jupiter and Saturn, there is कोश or fellowship. If two planets, one rising heliacally in the east and the other in the south (a little behind), it is called सन्निपात or an en- counter. Any conjunction of planets other than the above five is called समागम or gathering, in which the effect will always be auspicious, if the planets be large, resplendent, and natural in appearance. तथा च समाससंहितायाम् । ग्रहकोशसन्निपातौ संवर्त्तसमागमौ समाजश्च । सम्मोहश्चेति तेषां लक्षणंमेतत्समादेक्ष्यम् ॥ सूर्यजगुरुसंयोगे द्वावप्येकोऽपरः समागच्छेत् । स हि भवति कोशसञ्ज्ञो दुर्भिक्षभयावहो लोके ॥ एक उदितः प्रतीच्यामपरः प्राच्यां ग्रहोदितो यदि च । अन्योन्यमथोप्ताभिर्बिक्षिप्तैप हि सन्निपाताख्यः ॥ सह पौरेण च पौरो यायी सह यायिना ग्रहो यश्च । दृश्येत समायुक्तः स समाजाख्यः समुद्दिष्टः ॥ अथयायिनागराख्याश्चत्वारः पञ्च वा सह भवेयुः । एकर्क्षे संवर्तः शिखिराहुयुतः स सम्मोहः ॥