बृहत्संहिता (आचार्य वराहमिहिर - स्थापत्य, खगोल, मौसम व जल विज्ञान)

416 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. Sl. LI. 38-40. Sloka 37.—When a woman touches with the thumb her eye-brow, stomach or finger at a query, she must then be thinking of the child in the womb. The same prediction should be made when honey, ghee and such other things or gold, gems and corals, or her mother, nurse and children are in front of her. गर्भयुता जठरे करगे स्याद्दुष्टनिमित्तवशात्तदुदासः । कर्षति तज्जठरं यदि पीठोत्पीडनतः करगे च करेऽपि ॥३८॥ Sloka 38.—If, at a query, a woman touches the belly with her hand, it may be predicted that she is pregnant ; but if there should be evil omens at the time, she may have abortion. The same will take place when she pulls out her belly owing to the pain given by her seat. or puts one hand over the other. घ्राणाया दक्षिणे द्वारे स्पृष्टे मासोत्तरं वदेत् । वामेऽब्दौ कर्ण एवं मा द्विचतुर्मः श्रुतिस्तने ॥३९॥ Sloka 39.—When she touches the right nostril, she may conceive a month hence ; when the left nostrial or the left year, two years hence ; when the right ear or the breasts, two months or four months hence respectively. वेणीमूले त्रीन् सुतान् कन्यके द्वे कर्णे पुत्रान् पञ्च हस्ते त्रयं च । अङ्गुष्ठान्ते पञ्चकं चानुपूर्व्या पादाङ्गुष्ठे पार्ष्णियुग्मेऽपि कन्याम् ॥४०॥ Sloka 40.—If she touches the root of her braid, she will give birth to three sons and two daughters ; if the ears, five sons ; if the hands, three sons ; if the little finger, one son ; if the ring finger, two sons ; if the middle, three sons ; if the fore-finger, four sons ; and if the thumb, five sons. If she touches the big toes or the heels, she will give birth to a daughter.

Adh. LI. Sl. 41-44.] एकपञ्चाशत्तमोऽध्यायः 417 सव्यासव्योरुसंस्पर्शे सूते कन्यासुतद्वयम् । स्पृष्टे ललाटमध्यान्ते चतुस्त्रितनया भवेत् ॥४१॥ Sloka 41.—If she touches her right thigh, she will give birth to two girls; if the left thigh, to two boys; if the middle of the forehead, to four sons, and if the end of the fore-head, to three sons. शिरोललाटभ्रूकर्णगण्डं हनुरदा गलम् । सव्यापसव्यस्कन्धश्च हस्तौ चिबुकनालकम् ॥४२॥ उरः कुचं दक्षिणमप्यसव्यं हृत्पार्श्वमेवं जठरं कटिश्च । स्फिक्पायुसन्ध्यूरयुगं च जानू जङ्गेऽथ पादाविति कृत्तिकादौ ॥४३॥ Slokas 42-43.—When the pregnant woman touches the head, fore-head, brows, ears, cheeks, lower part of chin, teeth, neck, right shoulder, left shoulder, hands, chin, pipe of the neck, breast, right bosom, left bosom, heart, right side, left side, belly, hip, joint of buttocks and anus, right thigh, left thigh, knees, shanks or feet, she will give birth to a child in any of the asterisms in their order com- mencing from Krittika. इति निगदितमेतद्गात्रसंस्पर्शलक्ष्म प्रकटमभिमताप्त्यै वीक्ष्य शास्त्राणि सम्यक् । विपुलमतिरुदारो वेत्ति यः सर्वमेत- न्नरपतिजनताभिः पूज्यतेऽसौ सदैव ॥४४॥ Sloka 44.—Thus have I explained in clear terms the prognostics of touching the limbs, after carefully exa- mining the treatises on this science, for enabling people to attain their cherished desires. An astrologer, who knows all this and is endowed with high intelligence and a large heart, will always be honoured by kings as well as peoples. Thus ends the 51st Adhyaya on “Prediction through limbs.” बृ. सं. 53

418 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LII. Sl. 1-3. पिटकलक्षणम् ॥५२॥ Characteristics of Pimples. This chapter also is declared to be spurious although this subject has been referred to by the author previously. सितरक्तपीतकृष्णा विप्रादीनां क्रमेण पिटका ये । ते क्रमशः प्रोक्तफला वर्णानां नाग्रजातानाम् ॥१॥ Sloka 1.—The pimples of the people of the four classes beginning with Brahmins are white, red, yellow and dark respectively; and the respective colours are auspicious only for the particular classes and those below them and not for those above them. The idea is that white is good for Brahmins; white and red for Ksha- triyas; white, red and yellow for Vaisyas; and white, red, yellow and dark for Sudras. सुस्निग्धव्यक्तशोभाः शिरसि धनचयं मूर्ध्नि सौभाग्यमारा- द्दौर्भाग्यं भ्रूयुगोत्थाः प्रियजनघटनामाशु दुःशीलतां च । तन्मध्योत्थाश्च शोकं नयनपुटगता नेत्रयोरिष्टदृष्टिं प्रव्रज्यां शङ्खदेशेऽश्रुजलनिपतनस्थानगा रान्ति चिन्ताम् ॥२॥ Sloka 2.—Pimples, glossy and clear in lustre, on the head indicate a great deal of wealth; on the back of the face, immediate happiness or fortune; on the two eye- brows, misfortune; in the middle of the brows, meeting with beloved persons very soon and wickedness; on the eye-lids, grief; on the eyes, sight of friends; on the frontal bone, renunciation; and in the places through which tears fall down, worries. घ्राणागण्डे वसनसुतदांश्चौष्ठयोरन्नलाभं कुर्युस्तद्वच्चिबुकतलगा भूरि वित्तं ललाटे । हन्वोरेवं गलकृतपदा भूषणान्यन्नपाने श्रोत्रे तद्भूषणगणमपि ज्ञानमात्मस्वरूपम् ॥३॥

द्विपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः शिरःसन्धिग्रीवाहृदयकुचपार्श्वोरसि गता अयोघातं घातं सुततनयलाभं शुचमपि । प्रियप्राप्तिं स्कन्धेऽप्यटनमथ भिक्षार्थमसकृ- द्विनाशं कक्षोत्था विदधति धनानां बहुमुखम् ॥४॥ दुःखशत्रुनिचयस्य विनाशं पृष्ठबाहुयुगजा रचयन्ति । संयमं च मणिबन्धनजाता भूषणाद्यमुपबाहुयुगोत्थाः ॥५॥ विघातं is another reading for विनाशं. धनानि सौभाग्यं शुचमपि कराङ्गुल्युदरगाः सुपानान्नं नाभौ तदध इह चौरैर्धनहतिम् । धनं धान्यं वस्तौ युवतिमथ मेढ्रे सुतनयान् धनं सौभाग्यं वा गुदवृषणजाता विदधति ॥६॥

420 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LII. Sl. 7-10. Sloka 6.—Pimples appearing on the hands, fingers and belly lead to the acquisition of wealth, fortune and grief respectively; on the navel, to fine food and drink; those beneath the navel, to loss of wealth through theft; on the pelvis, to wealth and corn; on the penis, to the acquisition of a young wife and good sons; on the anus, to wealth; and on the testicles, to fortune and happiness. ऊर्वोर्यानाङ्गनालाभं जान्वोः शत्रुजनात् क्षतिम् । शस्त्रेण जङ्घयोर्गुल्फेऽध्वबन्धक्लेशदायिनः ॥७॥ Sloka 7.—Those on the thighs indicate the obtain- ing of vehicles and a wife; on the knees, loss on account of enemies; on the shanks, trouble from weapons; and on the ankles, troubles through travelling and confinement. स्फिक्पाष्णिपादजाता धननाशागम्यगमनमध्वानम् । बन्धनमङ्गुलिनिचयेऽङ्गुष्ठे च ज्ञातिलोकतः पूजाम् ॥८॥ Sloka 8.—Those on the buttocks, heels and feet cause in their order loss of wealth, illicit cohabitation, and travelling; and on the fingers, imprisonment; and on the thumb, respect from relatives. उत्पातगण्डपिटका दक्षिणतो वामतस्त्वभीघाताः । धन्या भवन्ति पुंसां तद्विपरीताश्च नारीणाम् ॥९॥ Sloka 9.—Throbbing, inflammation (tumour) and boils on the right half of the body and hits on the left half are favourable to men, while they are auspicious for women in the other side, i.e., throbbing, etc. on the left side and hits on the right. इति पिटकविभागः प्रोक्त आमूर्धतोऽयं व्रणतिलकविभागोऽप्येवमेव प्रकल्प्यः । भवति मशकलक्ष्मावर्तजन्मापि तद्व- द्दिगादितफलकारि प्राणिनां देहसंस्थम् ॥१०॥

Adh. LIII. Sl. 1.] त्रिपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 421 Sloka 10.—Thus have I given an analysis of the pimples from head to foot; in the same manner, ulcers and marks may be classified. The existence, on the bodies of living beings, of moles, special marks and hairy circles also produce similarly the effects enumerated above. Thus ends the 52nd Adhyaya on the "Characteristics of Pimples." वास्तुविद्या ॥५३॥ House-building. वास्तुज्ञानमथातः कमलभवान्मुनिपरम्परायातम् । क्रियतेऽधुना मयेदं विदग्धसांवत्सरप्रीत्यै ॥१॥ Sloka 1.—I shall now expound for the delectation of learned astrologers the science of building houses, handed down by the creator through an unbroken succession of sages. Dr. Kern remarks as follows : “According to Utpala, Garga, etc., more explicit is the state- ment in a work bearing the title of श्री ब्रह्मोक्तविश्वकर्मप्रकाशिका, where we read, इति प्रोक्तं वास्तुशास्त्रं पूर्वं गर्गाय धीमते । गर्गात्पराशरः प्राप तस्मात्प्राप बृहद्रथः ॥ बृहद्रथाद्विश्वकर्मा प्राप्तवान्वास्तुशास्त्रकम् । स विश्वकर्मा जगतो हितायाकथयत्पुनः ॥ वासुदेवादिषु पुनर्भूर्लोकं भक्तितोऽब्रवीत् । .... .... .... अथ स विमलविद्यो विश्वकर्मा महात्मा सकलगुणवरिष्ठः सर्वशास्त्रार्थवेत्ता । सकलसुरगणानां सूत्रधारः कृतात्मा भवननिवसतां सच्छास्त्रमेतच्चकार ॥ This passage, with many others, shows that Garga, Parasara, and the like, are mere mythological beings, of exactly the same

422 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LIII. Sl. 2, 3. historical value with Brahman, Viswakarman, Vasudeva. In the opening stanzas of the विश्वक, we find, यदुक्तं शम्भुना पूर्वं वास्तुशास्त्रं पुरातनम् ॥ पराशरः प्राह बृहद्रथाय बृहद्रथः प्राह च विश्वकर्मणे । स विश्वकर्मा जगतां हिताय प्रोवाच शास्त्रं बहुभेदयुक्तम् ॥ विश्वकर्मोवाच । वास्तुशास्त्रं प्रवक्ष्यामि लोकानां हितकाम्यया । The Viswak seems to be a compilation, for most of the pas- sages quoted by Utpala, either from what he terms किरणाख्यतन्त्र or from Garga, from Brihaspati, Viswakarman himself, Kasyapa etc., recur in the Viswak, a copy of which is in the translator's possession." किमपि किल भूतमभवद्रुन्धानं रोदसी शरीरेण । तदमरगणेन सहसा विनिगृह्याधोमुखं न्यस्तम् ॥२॥ यत्र च येन गृहीतं विबुधेनाधिष्ठितः स तत्रैव । तदमरमयं विधाता वास्तुनरं कल्पयामास ॥३॥ Slokas 2-3—There was, it is said, some Being that obstructed the Earth and the Sky with its body. That was suddenly caught hold of and placed topsy-turvy by the multitude of Gods, who became the presiding deities of the several limbs of the Being that were touched by them. The creator ordained that Being to be the House- God of the nature of Gods. तथा च बृहस्पतिः । पुरा कृतयुगे ह्यासीन्महद्भूतं समुत्थितम् । व्याप्यमानं शरीरेण सकलं भुवनं ततः ॥ तद्दृष्ट्वा विस्मयं देवा गताः सेन्द्रा भयावृताः । ततस्तैः क्रोधसन्तप्तैर्गृहीत्वा तमथासुरम् ॥ विनिक्षिप्तमधोवक्त्रं स्थितास्तत्रैव ते सुराः । तमेव वास्तुपुरुषं ब्रह्मा समभिकल्पयेत् ॥

Adh. LIII. Sl. 4-7.] त्रिपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 423 उत्तममष्टाभ्यधिकं हस्तशतं नृपगृहं पृथुत्वेन । अष्टाष्टोनान्येवं पञ्च सपादानि दैर्घ्येण ॥४॥ Sloka 4.—The King's house is one of five kinds. The best of them is 108 cubits in width and the other four are 100, 92, 84, and 76 cubits respectively. Their length is greater than the breadth by a quarter (i. e., 135, 125, 115, 105 and 95). तथा च काश्यपः । अष्टोत्तरं हस्तशतं विस्तारान्नृपमन्दिरम् । कार्यं प्रधानमन्यानि तथाष्टाष्टोनितानि तु ॥ विस्तारं पादसंयुक्तं दैर्घ्यं तेषां प्रकल्पयेत् । एवं पञ्च नृपः कुर्याद्गृहाणां च पृथक् पृथक् ॥ षड्भिः षड्भिर्हीना सेनापतिसद्मनां चतुःषष्टिः । एवं पञ्चगृहाणि षड्भागसमन्विता दैर्घ्यम् ॥५॥ Sloka 5. —The five houses of a commander-in-chief are in order 64, 58, 52, 46 and 40 cubits in width, and their length exceeds the breadth by a sixth. षष्टिश्चतुश्चतुर्भिर्हीना वेश्मानि पञ्च सचिवस्य । स्वांशाष्टयुतो दैर्घ्यं तदर्धतो राजमहिषीणाम् ॥६॥ Sloka 6.—The houses of ministers are 60, 56, 52, 48 and 44 cubits in breadth and their length exceeds their breadth by an eighth. The houses of queens have half the dimensions of the above ones. षड्भिः षड्भिश्चैवं युवराजस्यापवर्जिताऽशीतिः । त्र्यंशान्विता च दैर्घ्यं पञ्च तदधैस्तदनुजानाम् ॥७॥ Sloka 7.—The width of the houses of the Yuvaraja is 80, 74, 68, 62 and 56 cubits respectively and their length exceeds the breadth by a third. The dimensions of the

424 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LIII. Sl. 8-11. houses of the younger princes are half of those of the Yuvaraja's. नृपसचिवान्तरतुल्यं सामन्तप्रवरराजपुरुषाणाम् । नृपयुवराजविशेषः कञ्चुकिवेश्याकलाज्ञानाम् ॥८॥ Sloka 8.—The measure for the houses of feudatory chiefs, nobles and king's officers is equal to the differ- ence between the measurements of King's houses and those of the minister's. The dimensions of the houses of chamberlains, courtesans and artistes are equal to the difference between the measurements of the houses of the King and the Yuvaraja. अध्यक्षाधिकृतानां सर्वेषामेव कोशरतितुल्यम् । युवराजमन्त्रिविवरं कर्मान्ताध्यक्षदूतानाम् ॥९॥ Sloka 9.—The houses of all directors and officers (of stables, elephant-yards, dairies, royal kitchens, etc.) should be of the dimensions of treasure-houses and plea- sure-houses ; the difference between the measurements of the houses of Yuvaraja and minister gives the measure of the houses of heads of industrial workshops and of envoys. चत्वारिंशद्धीना चतुश्चतुर्भिस्तु पञ्च यावदिति । षड्भागयुता दैर्घ्यं दैवज्ञपुरोधसोर्भिषजः ॥१०॥ Sloka 10.—The five sorts of houses of royal astrolo- gers, preceptors and physicians measure 40, 36, 32, 28, and 24 cubits in breadth and their length exceeds the breadth by a sixth. वास्तुनि यो विस्तारः स एव चोच्छ्रायनिश्चयः शुभदः । शालैकेषु गृहेष्वपि विस्ताराद्द्विगुणितं दैर्घ्यम् ॥११॥ Sloka 11.—It is auspicious for a house to have the same height as its breadth. The length of houses con- sisting of single halls should be double their breadth.

Adh. LIII. Sl. 12-14.] त्रिपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 425 तथा च काश्यपः चतुःशालगृहेष्वेवमुच्छ्रायो व्याससम्मितः । विस्तारं द्विगुणं दैर्ध्यमेकशालयुकस्य च ॥ चातुर्वर्ण्यव्यासो द्वात्रिंशत् सा चतुश्चतुर्हीना । आषोडशादितिपरं न्यूनतरमतीव हीनानाम् ॥१२॥ सदशांशं विप्राणां क्षत्रस्याष्टांशसंयुतं दैर्घ्यम् । षड्भागयुतं वैश्यस्य भवति शूद्रस्य पादयुतम् ॥१३॥ Slokas 12-13 —The breadth of the houses of Brah- mins and other four classes range from 32 cubits to 16, each being diminished by 4; i. e., Brahmins have five houses with the above measurements ; Kshatriyas have four with 28, 24, 20 and 16 cubits for their breadth ; Vaisyas, three with 24, 20 and 16 and Sudras two with 20 and 16. The lowest class of people (Pariahs, etc.) must have houses with smaller dimensions than these. The length of the houses of the four classes exceeds the breadth by a tenth, eighth, sixth and fourth respectively. नृपसेनापतिगृहयोरन्तरमानेन कोशरतिभवने । सेनापतिचातुर्वर्ण्यविवरतो राजपुरुषाणाम् ॥१४॥ Sloka 14.—The treasury and pleasure-house must have the dimensions equal to the difference between those of the King’s and Commander-in-Chief’s houses. The measure for the houses of King’s officers is equal to the difference between those of the houses of Comman- der-in-chief and one of the four classes. That is, if an officer belongs to the Brahmin class, the difference referred to is one between the measure of the Command- er-in-chief’s house and an ordinary Brahmin mentioned in the previous two slokas; if the officer is a Kshatriya, we have to subtract the measure for a Kshatriya’s house ; बृ. सं. 54

426 वृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LIII. Sl. 15-17. and so forth. [If it is a Kshatriya officer, he will have four houses and the measure should be found out by subtracting from that for the 2nd, etc. of the Commander- in-Chief. Similarly in the case of officers belonging to other classes.] अथ पारशवादीनां स्वमानसंयोगदलसमं भवनम् । हीनाधिकं स्वमानादशुभकरं वास्तु सर्वेषाम् ॥१५॥ Sloka 15.—The houses of persons of mixed classes viz., Parasavas, sons of Brahmins by Sudra women, Bhurja Kantakas, sons of Brahmins by Vaisya women, and Murdhavasiktas, sons of the same by Kshatriya women, have a measure equal to a half of the sum of the measures for a Brahmin's house and for the other parent's. It is inauspicious for all to have houses which either exceed or fall short of the given measurements. The measure for the house of a Parasava is (32+20)/2 = 26 cubits in breadth. पश्वाश्रमिणाममितं धान्यायुधवह्निरतिगृहाणां च । नेच्छन्ति शास्त्रकारा हस्तशतादुच्छ्रितं परतः ॥१६॥ Sloka 16.—There is no fixed measure for houses of cattle, houses of ascetics, granaries, arsenals, houses of sacred fire, and pleasure-houses; but the writers on this science do not approve of a height of more than 100 cubits. तथा च गर्गः शतहस्तोच्छ्रितं कार्यं चतुःशालगृहं बुधैः । अपि तद्द्वेकशालं तु शुभदं तत्प्रकीर्तितम् ॥ सेनापतिनृपतीनां सप्ततिसहिते द्विधाकृते व्यासे । शाला चतुर्दशहृते पञ्चत्रिंशदुद्धृतेऽलिन्दः ॥१७॥ Sloka 17.—Add 70 to the measure for the houses of the Commander-in-Chief and the King; keep this sum

Adh. LIII. Sl. 18-21.] त्रिपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 427 in two places, and divide one by 14 and the other by 35. The two quotients give the measure, for the hall and verandah respectively of the two. हस्तद्वात्रिंशादिषु चतुश्चतुस्त्रित्रिकत्रिकाः शालाः । सप्तदशत्रितयतिथित्रयोदशकृताङ्गुलान्यधिकाः ॥१८॥ त्रित्रिद्विद्विसमाः क्षयक्रमादङ्गुलानि चैतेषाम् । व्येका विंशतिरष्टौ विंशतिरष्टादश त्रितयम् ॥१९॥ Slokas 18-19.— In the houses of Brahmins, etc. which measure from 32 cubits, the halls should have a breadth of 4 cubits 17 digits, 4 cubits 3 digits, 3 cubits 15 digits, and 3 cubits 13 digits respectively. The verandahs of the above are in order, 3 cubits 19 digits, 3 cubits 8 digits ; 2 cubits 20 digits, 2 cubits 18 digits and 2 cubits 3 digits. .शालात्रिभागतुल्या कर्तव्या वीथिका बहिर्भवनात् । यद्यग्रतो भवति सा सोष्णीषं नाम तद्वास्तु ॥२०॥ सायाश्रयमिति पश्चात् सावष्टम्भं तु पार्श्वसंस्थितया । सुस्थितमिति च समन्ताच्छास्त्रज्ञैः पूजिताः सर्वाः ॥२१॥ Slokas 20-21.—Outside the house there should be made a foot-path whose breadth is a third of the hall. If the path is in front (to the east) of the house, the latter is termed “Soshneesha,”one with a turban. If it is behind (to the west of) the house, it is called Saya- sraya one with western or hind support; if it is on the sides, it is termed Savashtambha one with proper support ; and if it is all round the name of the house is Susthita, well- fixed. All these types are approved by the authorities on architecture.

428 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LIII Sl. 22-25. विस्तारषोडशांशः सचतुर्हस्तो भवेद्गृहोच्छ्रायः । द्वादशभागेनोना भूमौ भूमौ समस्तानाम् ॥२२॥ Sloka 22.—The height of the first storey should be a sixteenth of the width with an addition of four cubits. The height of each of the following upper storeys is to be lessened by one-twelfth of the preceding one. So the height of the ground floor of the King's house is 108/16 + 4 = 6 3/4 + 4 or 10 cubits 18 digits. व्यासात् षोडशभागः सर्वेषां सद्मनां भवति भित्तिः । पक्केष्टकाकृतानां दारुकृतानां तु न विकल्पः ॥२३॥ Sloka 23.—The wall of all houses made of burnt bricks should be a sixteenth part of their breadth. There is no restriction regarding the houses made of wood. तथा च गर्गः विस्तारषोडशांशेन गृहभित्तिं प्रकल्पयेत् । हीनाधिका न कर्तव्या गृहभर्तुर्न शोभना ॥ एकादशभागयुतः सप्ततिर्नृपबलेशयोर्व्यासः । उच्छ्रायोऽङ्गुलतुल्यो द्वारस्यार्धेन विष्कम्भः ॥२४॥ Sloka 24.—The breadth of the houses of kings, commanders (and others) is to be increased by an ele- venth and 70 added. This number will give the height of the doors in digits, and a half of that, their width. विप्रादीनां व्यासात् पञ्चांशोऽष्टादशाङ्गुलसमेतः । साष्टांशो विष्कम्भो द्वारस्य त्रिगुण उच्छ्रायः ॥२५॥ Sloka 25.—In the case of Brahmins, etc., the num- ber denoting the breadth in cubits should be taken as that of digits and that increased by 18. To this should be.

Adh: LIII. Sl. 26-28.] त्रिपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 429 added an eighth part of itself. That will give the width of the door; and thrice this will be its height. The width of Brahmin house is 32 cubits. ²⁴⁄₄ is 6. This is to be taken as 6 digits. Add 18. i. e., 6+18 = 24 digits. 24+ ⅛ of 24 = 27 digits. This is its breadth and 27 × 3 = 81 digits, its height. उच्छ्रायहस्तसंख्यापरिमाणान्यङ्गुलानि बाहुल्यम् । शाखाद्वयेऽपि कार्यं सार्धं तत् स्यादुदुम्बरयोः ॥२६॥ उच्छायात्सप्तगुणादशीतिभागः पृथुत्वमेतेषाम् । नवगुणितेऽशीत्यंशः स्तम्भस्य दशांशहीनोऽग्रे ॥२७॥ Slokas 26-27.—The thickness of the two side-frames of the door is as many digits as the height numbers cubits. One and a half times this gives the thickness of the threshold and the upper-block. The breadth of all the four pieces is an eightieth part of seven times the door-height. An eightieth part of nine times the height (of a storey) gives the width of a pillar at the bottom; and the same lessened by a tenth is its width at the top. A pillar of the ground floor in a King's house will have a width of about 1 cubit and 5 digits at the bottom and about 1 cubit and 2 digits at the top. Its circum- ference is thrice the width. समचतुरस्रो रुचको वज्रोऽष्टाश्रिर्द्विवज्रको द्विगुणः । द्वात्रिंशता तु मध्ये प्रलीनको वृत्त इति वृत्तः ॥२८॥ Sloka 28.—A pillar that is perfectly square in the middle (leaving off the two ends) is called Ruchaka; one that is octagonal, a Diamond; one with sixteen angles (or sides), a double Diamond; one with 32 sides, Praleenaka; and a round one is called a cylinder.

430. बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh, LIII. Sl. 29-32. स्तम्भं विभज्य नवधा वहनं भागो घटोऽस्य भागोऽन्यः । पद्मं तथोत्तरोष्ठं कुर्याद्भागेन भागेन ॥२९॥ Sloka 29.—When the whole pillar is divided into nine equal parts, the first two parts will belong to the bottom and the last two to the top. Designs and artistic figures can be made in these parts. The lowest part is called the Support; the second, the Pot; the eighth, the Lotus and the topmost, the Upper Lip. These names must be significant. स्तम्भसमं बाहुल्यं भारतुलानामुपर्युपर्यासाम् । भवति तुलोपतुलानामूनं पादेन पादेन ॥३०॥ Sloka 30.—The thickness of the chief beam is equal to that of the pillar; above these are beams and minor beams, and their thickness is lessened by a quar- ter of the immediately preceding one. अप्रतिषिद्धालिन्दं समन्ततो वास्तु सर्वतोभद्रम् । नृपविबुधसमूहानां कार्यं द्वारैश्चतुर्भिरपि ॥३१॥ Sloka 31.—A house with an unbroken verandah all round is termed Sarvatobhadra (all round good). This kind of house with four doors is auspicious for Kings and Gods. तथा च गर्गः अलिन्दानां व्यवच्छेदो नास्ति यत्र समन्ततः । तद्वास्तु सर्वतोभद्रं चतुर्द्वारसमायुतम् ॥ नन्द्यावर्तमलिन्दैः शालाकुड्यात् प्रदक्षिणान्तगतैः । द्वारं पश्चिममस्मिन् विहाय शेषाणि कार्याणि ॥३२॥ Sloka 32.—A house which has verandahs starting from the wall of the hall and going to its extremity from left to right is termed Nandyavarta, which should have only three entrances leaving off the western one.

Adh. LIII. Śl. 33-35.] त्रिपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 431 तथा च गर्गः प्रदक्षिणां गतैः सर्वैः शालाभित्तेरालिन्दकैः । विना परेण द्वारेण नन्द्यावर्तमिति स्मृतम् ॥ द्वारालिन्दोऽन्तगतः प्रदक्षिणोऽन्यः शुभस्ततश्चान्यः । तस्मिंश्च वर्धमाने द्वारं तु न दक्षिणं कार्यम् ॥३३॥ Sloka 33.—The front verandah of the main build- ing should extend from the left hall to the right hall. Another verandah is made thence from left to right and still another beautiful one from there in the same man- ner. A building with such verandahs is known as Var- dhamana, which should not have an entrance in the south. तथा च गर्गः द्वारालिन्द्रोऽन्तगस्तेषां ये त्रयो दक्षिणां गताः । विहाय दक्षिणं द्वारं वर्धमानमिति स्मृतम् ॥ अपरोऽन्तगतोऽलिन्दः प्रागन्तगतौ तदुत्थितौ चान्यौ । तदवधिविधृतश्चान्यः प्राग्द्वारं स्वस्तिके शुभदम् ॥३४॥ Sloka 34 —In the Swastika mansion, the western verandah should extend from the left hall to the right one; the other two verandahs (southern and northern) originating from the above should touch the end in the east, and a fourth one (the eastern) is held between them. Such a mansion with an eastern entrance is favourable. तथा च गर्गः पश्चिमोऽन्तगतोऽलिन्दः प्रागन्तौ द्वौ तदुत्थितौ । अन्यस्तन्मध्यविधृतः प्राग्द्वारं स्वस्तिकं शुभम् ॥ प्राक्पश्चिमावलिन्दावन्तगतौ तदवधिस्थितौ शेषौ । रुचके द्वारं न शुभदमुत्तरतोऽन्यानि शस्तानि ॥३५॥ Sloka 35.—In the Ruchaka type of building, there are two verandahs touching the ends, in the east

432 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LIII. Sl. 36-41. and west; and touching these two internally, there are two more. In this a northern entrance is not auspicious; while in the other quarters they are good. तथा च गर्गः प्राक्पश्चिमावलिन्दौ यावन्तर्गौ तद्गवै परौ । सौम्यं द्वारं विना यस्याद्रुचकाख्यं तु तत्स्मृतम् ॥ श्रेष्ठं नन्द्यावर्तं सर्वेषां वर्धमानसञ्ज्ञं च । स्वस्तिकरुचके मध्ये शेषं शुभदं नृपादीनाम् ॥३६॥ Sloka 36.—The Nandyavarta and Vardhamana types of houses are best suited to people of all classes; Swastika and Ruchaka are moderate, and the rest are good for kings, ministers, etc. उत्तरशालाहीनं हिरण्यनाभं त्रिशालकं धन्यम् । प्राक्शालया वियुक्तं सुक्षेत्रं वृद्धिकं वास्तु ॥३७॥ याम्याहीनं चुल्ली त्रिशालकं वित्तनाशकरमेतत् । पक्षघ्नमपरया वर्जितं सुतध्वंसवैरकरम् ॥३८॥ Slokas 37-38.—A three-halled building, lacking the northern hall, is known as Hiranyanabha and indicates good luck; similarly, one without the eastern hall known as Sukshetra conduces to prosperity; one with- out the southern hall known as Chulli destroys wealth; and one without the western hall called Pakshaghna causes hatred and the destruction of children. सिद्धार्थमपरयाम्ये यमसूर्य पश्चिमोत्तरे शाले । दण्डाख्यमुदकपूर्वे वाताख्यं प्राग्युता याम्या ॥३९॥ पूर्वापरे तु शाले गृहचुल्ली दक्षिणोत्तरे काचम् । सिद्धार्थेऽर्थावाप्तिर्यमसूर्ये गृहपतेर्मृत्युः ॥४०॥ दण्डवधो दण्डाख्ये कलहोद्वेगः सदैव वाताख्ये । वित्तविनाशश्चुल्ल्यां ज्ञातिविरोधः स्मृतः काचे ॥४१॥

Adh. LIII. Sl. 39-41.] त्रिपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 433 Slokas 39-41.—A house with only a western and a southern hall is termed Siddhartha; one with a western and a northern hall, Yamasurya; one with a northern and an eastern hall, Danda; one with an eastern and a southern hall, Vata; one with an eastern and a west- ern one, Graha-Chulli; and one with a southern and a northern one, Kacha The first kind of house leads to the acquisition of wealth; the second, to the death of the house-holder; the third, to punishment and death; the fourth, to grief from quarrel; the fifth, to loss of money; and the sixth, to hatred among kinsmen. There are many writers on architecture such as Viswakarman, Maya, Kama and Hiranyagarbha. The last one mentions 64 or 120 varieties of houses. Great kings can have mansions of 8½ storeys; Brahmins, of 7½; Kshatriyas, of 6½; Vaisyas, of 5½; and Sudras, of 3½. The height of Sudra's house ought not to exceed 20 moderate cubits; that of Vaisya's, 40 cubits; that of Kshatriya's, 60 cubits; that of Brahmin's, 80 cubits; and that of king's, 100 cubits. The last is the maximum limit for the height of human habitations. According to the same authority, the height of the founda- tions of best houses is to be 2½ cubits. There is restriction regarding the height of the storeys of buildings with two, three and four halls. In a house of a single hall, the height is equal to its breadth. According to another authority, viz Sakra, the width of single- halled houses is not restricted; but it should not exceed the length. Should it exceed the length, such houses would be called Utsargas. But single-halled houses are not prescribed for Brah- mins, etc. Such houses are not conducive to longevity, but if made of straw, they can be permitted (Garga). Viswakarman speaks of three kinds of digits, viz., major, moderate and minor. The first is the length of eight of full- grown barley grains; the second, of seven; and the third, of six. बृ. सं. 55

434 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LIII. Sl. 42-43. They are respectively called Prasaya, Sadharana, and Sama. It appears our author refers here to the last kind of digit. Viswa- karman opines that in the construction of houses, etc., the first kind of digit should be adopted; of beds, eating plates, vehicles, etc., the last variety. The combination of old and new bricks, baked and raw ones, etc., is forbidden. But Hiranyagarbha says : if necessary, raw bricks should be used below, and then baked ones. Maya objects to this and states :—There are five things to be done for houses ; viz., Katima, Granthima, Dayima, Ripima and Khatima. Hiranya- garbha says : There are different kinds of houses according to the materials used in the construction. One built of stone is called Mandira ; of baked bricks, Vastu ; this is the best ; of raw bricks, Sumanta ; of mud, Sudhara ; of wooden logs, Mana- sya ; of bamboos, Nandana ; of canvas for kings, Vijaya ; of vari- eties of straw, Kalima. For house-holders the best houses are those made of gold, silver, copper and iron. They are respectively called Pushkara, Sribhava, Suryamanta and Chanda. There are also four other varieties, viz., those made of lac, Anila, tin and Varibandhaka (वारिबन्धक). Thus there are fourteen varieties of houses in all categories. एकाशीतिविभागे दश दश पूर्वोत्तरायता रेखाः। अन्तस्त्रयोदश सुरा द्वात्रिंशद्वाह्यकोष्ठस्थाः ॥४२॥ Sloka 42.—In order to divide the ground-plan of a house into 81 squares, draw ten lines from east to west and ten others from north to south. Inside the diagram, thirteen deities are situated, and thirty two in the outer compartments. Thus, there are 45 deities in this figure. (p. 436) शिखिपर्जन्यजयन्तेन्द्रसूर्यसत्या भृशोऽन्तरिक्षश्च । ऐशान्यादिक्रमशो दक्षिणपूर्वेऽनिलः कोणे ॥४३॥

Adh. LIII. Sl. 44-48.] त्रिपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 435. पूषा वितथबृहत्क्षतयमगन्धर्वाख्यभृङ्गराजमृगाः । पितृदौवारिकसुग्रीवकुसुमदन्ताम्बुपत्यसुराः ॥४४॥ शोषोऽथ पापयक्ष्मा रोगः कोणे ततोऽहिमुख्यौ च । भल्लाटसोमभुजगास्ततोऽदितिर्दितिरिति क्रमशः ॥४५॥ Slokas 43-45.—The deities situated in the outer compartments beginning with the north-eastern corner and ending with the south-eastern are :—Sikhi, Parjanya, Jayanta, Indra, Surya, Satya, Bhrisa, Antariksha and Anila. Then follow from South-east to South-west, thence to north-west and thence to north-east, Pushan, Vitatha, Brihatkshata, Yama, Gandharva, Bhringaraja, Mriga, Pitru, Dauvarika, Sugriva, Kusumadanta, Varuna, Asura, Sosha, Papayakshma, Roga, Ahi, Mukhya, Bhal- lata, Soma, Bhujaga, Aditi, and Diti, thus 32 in all. मध्ये ब्रह्मा नवकोष्ठकाधिपोऽस्यार्यमा स्थितः प्राच्याम् । • एकान्तरात् प्रदक्षिणमस्मात् सविता विवस्वांश्च ॥४६॥ विबुधाधिपतिस्तस्मान्मित्रोऽन्यो राजयक्ष्मनामा च । पृथिवीधरापवत्सावित्येते ब्रह्मणः परिधौ ॥४७॥ आपो नामैशाने कोणे हौताशने च सावित्रः । जय इति च नैर्ऋते रुद्र आनिलेऽभ्यन्तरपदेषु ॥४८॥ Slokas 46-48.—In the centre, there is Brahman occu- pying nine divisions; to his east, there is Aryaman (in 3 squares); next and to the right of Aryaman, at the interval of one compartment, there is Savita in a single square; next to him to the right is Vivaswan; next to him is Indra; then going up, i. e., to the west of Brahman there are Mitra (in 3) and Raja Yakshma; then turning to the east, there is Prithvi Dhara (in 3) and Apavatsa. Thus, these eight are along the circumfe-