बृहत्संहिता (आचार्य वराहमिहिर - स्थापत्य, खगोल, मौसम व जल विज्ञान)

Adh. LIV. Sl. 43-48.] चतुःपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 467 tree. The signs will be ; a spotted snake at a depth of 5 cubits, then, black clay, a hard stone, next white clay ; then there will be a westerly vein and next, a northerly one. अश्मन्तकस्य वामे बदरी वा दृश्यतेऽहिनिलयो वा । षड्भिरुदक् तस्य करैः सार्धे पुरुषत्रये तोयम् ॥४३॥ कूर्मः प्रथमे पुरुषे पाषाणो धूम्रः ससिकता मृत् । आदौ च शिरा याम्या पूर्वोत्तरतो द्वितीया च ॥४४॥ Slokas 43-44 —If there be an ant-hill or a Jujube tree to the north of an Asmantaka tree, there will be water 17½ cubits down and 6 cubits to the north of the tree ; the signs will be : a tortoise in the first layer (5 cubits deep), then brown stone, next, clay with sand ; then first of all a southerly vein and next, a north- easterly one. वामेन हरिद्रुतरोर्वल्मीकश्चेजलं भवति पूर्वे । हस्तत्रितये सत्र्यंशैः पुम्भिः पञ्चभिर्भवति ॥४५॥ नीलो भुजगः पुरुषे मृत् पीता मरकतोपमश्चाश्मा । कृष्णा भूः प्रथमं वारुणी शिरा दक्षिणेनान्या ॥४६॥ Slokas 45-46.—If there is an ant-hill to the north of a Haridra tree, there will be water 28¾ cubits down and 3 cubits to its east. The signs are : a blue snake in the first instance, next, yellow clay, then, an emerald-like stone, next black earth, then first a westerly vein and next a southerly one. जलपरिहीने देशे दृश्यन्तेऽनूपजानि चिह्नानि । वीरणदूर्वा मृदवश्च यत्र तस्मिन् जलं पुरुषे ॥४७॥ भार्गी त्रिवृता दन्ती सूकरपादी च लक्ष्मणा चैव । नवमालिका च हस्तद्वयेऽम्बु याम्ये त्रिभिः पुरुषैः ॥४८॥

468 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. Sl. LIV. 49-52. Slokas 47-48. If in a waterless place are seen the characteristics of a watery tract or soft Virana grass or Durva, water will be available at 5 cubits below the earth; or if a kind of brinjal, Trivrita (சிவத்தை), Nagadanti, Su- karapadi, Lakshmana and Navamalika Creeper be found to be growing, water will be found at 15 cubits below the earth and two cubits to the south. स्निग्धाः प्रलम्बशाखा वामनविकटद्रुमाः समीपजलाः । सुषिरा जर्जरपत्रा रूक्षाश्च जलेन सन्त्यक्ताः ॥४९॥ Sloka 49.—Those trees which are glossy, have long branches hanging down, are very short and extensive have water nearby; whereas hollow and rough trees with shattered leaves do not indicate water in the neighbourhood. तिलकाम्रातकवरुणकभल्लातकबिल्वतिन्दुकाङ्कोलाः । पिण्डारशिरीषाञ्जनपरूषका वञ्जुलोऽतिबला ॥५०॥ एते यदि सुस्निग्धा वल्मीकैः परिवृतास्ततस्तोयम् । हस्तैस्त्रिभिरुत्तरतश्चतुर्भिरर्धेन च नरेण ॥५१॥ Slokas 50-51. - If Tilaka, Amrataka, Varunaka, Bhallataka, Bilwa, Tinduka, Ankola, Pindara, Sirisha, Anjana, Parushaka, Vanjula and Atibala are very glossy and covered with ant-hills, there will be water 3 cubits from there to the north at a depth of 22½ cubits. अतृणे सतृणा यस्मिन् सतृणे तृणवर्जिता मही यत्र । तस्मिन् शिरा प्रदिष्टा वक्तव्यं वा धनं चास्मिन् ॥५२॥ Sloka 52.—If in a grassless place, a patch of ground is seen covered with grass, or in a grassy place, one is seen without it, a vein of water or treasure is to be declared to exist there.

Adh. LIV. Sl. 53-57.] चतुष्पञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 469 कण्टक्यकण्टकानां व्यत्यासेऽम्भस्त्रिभिः करैः पश्चात् । खात्वा पुरुषत्रितयं त्रिभागयुक्तं धनं वा स्यात् ॥५३॥ Sloka 53.—When a thorny tree flourishes in the midst of non-thorny trees or vice versa, there is a trea- sure or water at a depth of 18¾ cubits at a distance of 3 cubits to the west. नदति मही गम्भीरं यस्मिंश्चरणाहता जलं तस्मिन् । सार्द्धैस्त्रिभिर्मनुष्यैः कौबेरी तत्र च शिरा स्यात् ॥५४॥ Sloka 54.—Where the earth being stamped by feet emits a loud sound, a northerly water-vein will be found there at 17½ cubits. वृक्षस्यैका शाखा यदि विनता भवति पाण्डुरा वा स्यात् । विज्ञातव्यं शाखातले जलं त्रिपुरुषं खात्वा ॥५५॥ Sloka 55.—Where a single branch of a tree hangs low or is colourless, it is to be understood that water exists at a depth of 15 cubits under the branch. फलकुसुमविकारो यस्य तस्य पूर्वे शिरा त्रिभिर्हस्तैः । भवति पुरुषैश्चतुर्भिः पाषाणोऽधः क्षितिः पीता ॥५६॥ Sloka 56.—Where the fruits and flowers of a tree are unnatural, a water-vein flows at a depth of 20 cubits at a distance of 3 cubits to the east. The signs are : stone below and yellow earth. यदि कण्टकारिका कण्टकैर्विना दृश्यते सितैः कुसुमैः । तस्यास्तलेऽम्बु वाच्यं त्रिभिर्नरैरर्धपुरुषे च ॥५७॥ Sloka 57.—If a Kantakari (Brinjal ?) is seen without thorns but with white flowers, there will be water under- neath it at 17½ cubits.

470 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LIV. Sl. 58-62. खर्जूरी द्विशिरस्का यत्र भवेज्जलविवर्जिते देशे । तस्याः पश्चिमभागे निर्देश्यं त्रिपुरुषैर्वारि ॥५८॥ Sloka 58.—Where in a waterless place there is a date tree with two tops, water has to be declared to its west at 15 cubits. यदि भवति कर्णिकारः सितकुसुमः स्यात् पलाशवृक्षो वा । सव्येन तत्र हस्तद्वयेऽम्बु पुरुषद्वये भवति ॥५९॥ Sloka 59.—If a Karnikara or Palasa tree bears white flowers, there is water two cubits to the south at a depth of ten cubits. यस्यामूष्मा धात्र्यां धूमो वा तत्र वारि नरयुगले । निर्देष्टव्या च शिरा महता तोयप्रवाहेण ॥६०॥ Sloka 60.—Where the ground steams or smokes, there is water at 10 cubits ; and it may be stated that the vein will yield an abundant supply of water. यस्मिन् क्षेत्रोद्देशे जातं सस्यं विनाशमुपयाति । स्निग्धमतिपाण्डुरं वा महाशिरा नरयुगे तत्र ॥६१॥ Sloka 61.—Where, in the region of a field, the crops that have grown perish, or there is glossy and very white vegetation, there is a great vein at 10 cubits. Thus have been stated the symptoms of water in jungle and watery regions. मरुदेशे भवति शिरा यथा तथातः परं प्रवक्ष्यामि । ग्रीवा करभाणामिव भूतलसंस्थाः शिरा यान्ति ॥६२॥ Sloka 62.—Now I shall expound the possibilities of veins in desert regions. The water-veins run below the earth's surface in the shape of camels' necks (i. e. syphons.)

Adh. LIV. Sl. 63-68.] चतुःपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 471 पूर्वोत्तरेण पीलोर्यदि वल्मीको जलं भवति पश्चात् । उत्तरगमना च शिरा विज्ञेया पञ्चभिः पुरुषैः ॥६३॥ चिह्नं दर्दुर आदौ मृत्कपिला तत्परं भवेद्धरिता । भवति च पुरुषेऽश्मोष्मा तस्य तलेऽम्भो विनिर्देश्यम् ॥६४॥ Slokas 63-64.—If there is an ant-hill to the north- east of a Peelu tree, there will be water to its west. The vein will run in a northerly direction at a depth of 25 cubits. The signs would be : in the first instance a frog, brown clay, then green clay, then below, a stone and under that water. पीलोरेव प्राच्यां वल्मीकोऽतोऽर्धपञ्चमैर्हस्तैः । दिशि याम्यायां तोयं वक्तव्यं सप्तभिः पुरुषैः ॥६५॥ प्रथमे पुरुषे भुजगः सितासितो हस्तमात्रमूर्त्तिश्च । दक्षिणतो वहति शिरा सक्षारं भूरि पानीयम् ॥६६॥ Slokas 65-66. If the ant-hill is to the east of the Peelu tree, there will be water 4½ cubits to the south at a depth of 35 cubits. The signs will be : in the first instance there will be, at a distance of 5 cubits, a white and dark snake of only one cubit length ; to its south flows a vein with plenty of brackish water. उत्तरतश्च करिरिखाहिगृहं दक्षिणे जलं स्वादु । दशभिः पुरुषैर्ज्ञेयं पुरुषे पीतोऽत्र मण्डूकः ॥६७॥ Sloka 67.—If there is an ant-hill to the north of a tender bamboo, there is sweet water to its south at a depth of 50 cubits. When the earth is dug 5 cubits, a yellow frog will be seen. रोहीतकस्य पश्चादहिवासश्चेत्त्रिभिः करैर्याम्ये । द्वादश पुरुषान् खात्वा सक्षारा पश्चिमेन शिरा ॥६८॥

472 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LIV. Sl. 69-73. Sloka 68.—If there is an ant-hill to the west of a Rohitaka tree, three cubits to its west, there is a vein of brackish water flowing to the west at a depth of 60 cubits. इन्द्रतरोर्वल्मीकः प्राग्दृश्यः पश्चिमे शिरा हस्ते । खात्वा चतुर्दश नरान् कपिला गोधा नरे प्रथमे ॥६९॥ Sloka 69.—If the ant-hill is to the east of an Indra tree, there is a vein one cubit to its west at a depth of 70 cubits. The sign is a brown lizard in the first layer of 5 cubits. यदि वा सुवर्णनाम्नस्तरोर्भवेद्वामतो भुजङ्गगृहम् । हस्तद्वये तु याम्ये पञ्चदशनरावसानेऽम्बु ॥७०॥ क्षारं पयोऽत्र नकुलोऽर्धमानवे ताम्रसान्निभश्चाश्मा । रक्ता च भवति वसुधा वहति शिरा दक्षिणा तत्र ॥७१॥ Slokas 70-71.—If there is an ant-hill to the north of a golden tree, there is water two cubits to the south at a depth of 75 cubits. The water here will be brackish. When the earth is dug 2½ cubits, there will be a mon- goose ; next, copper-coloured stone ; then, red earth ; then there flows a southerly vein. बदरीरोहितवृक्षौ सम्पृक्तौ चेद्विनापि वल्मीकम् । हस्तत्रयेऽम्बु पश्चात् षोडशभिर्मानवैर्भवति ॥७२ सुरसं जलमादौ दक्षिणा शिरा वहति चोत्तरेणान्या । पिष्टनिभः पाषाणो मृत् श्वेता वृश्चिकोऽर्धनरे ॥७३॥ Slokas 72-73.—If a Jujube tree and a Rohita tree are joined together with or without an ant-hill nearby, there is water three cubits to the west at at a depth of 80 cubits. The water will be tasty. At fiirst, a southerly vein flows, then a northerly one, next, a stone resmbling a paste, next white clay ; at 2½ cubits, a scorpion will be seen.

Adh. LIV. Sl. 74-79.] चतुःपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 473 सकरीरा चेद्वदरी त्रिभिः करैः पश्चिमेन तत्राम्भः । अष्टादशभिः पुरुषैरीशानी बहुजला च शिरा ॥७४॥ Sloka 74.—If a Jujube tree is joined with bamboo, there is water 3 cubits to the west at a depth of 90 cubits. The vein is a north-easterly one with abundant water. पीलुसमेता बदरी हस्तत्रयसम्मिते दिशि प्राच्याम् । विंशत्या पुरुषाणामशोष्यमम्भोऽत्र सक्षारम् ॥७५॥ Sloka 75.—If a Jujube tree is seen in combination with a Peelu tree, there is inexhaustible water, but brack- ish, 3 cubits to the east at a depth of 100 cubits. ककुभकरीरावेकत्र संयुतौ यत्र ककुभबिल्वौ वा । हस्तद्वयेऽम्बु पश्चान्न रैर्भवेत् पञ्चविंशत्या ॥७६॥ Sloka 76.—When Kakubha and bamboo trees or Kakubha and Bilwa trees are joined together, there is water two cubits to the west at a depth of 125 cubits. वल्मीकमूर्धनि यदा दूर्वा च कुशाश्च पाण्डुराः सन्ति । कूपो मध्ये देयो जलमत्र नरैरेकविंशत्या ॥७७॥ Sloka 77 —When there is pale-white Durva or holy grass on the top of an ant-hill, a well should be sunk in its middle. Here there is water at a depth of 105 cubits. भूमिः कदम्बकयुता वल्मीके यत्र दृश्यते दूर्वा । हस्तद्वयेन याम्ये नरैर्जलं पञ्चविंशत्या ॥७८॥ Sloka 78.—If, in a place full of Kadamba trees, Durva grass is seen on an ant-hill, there is water 2 cubits to the south at a depth of 125 cubits. वल्मीकत्रयमध्ये रोहीतकपादपो यदा भवति । नानावृक्षैः सहितस्त्रिभिर्जलं तत्र वक्तव्यम् ॥७९॥ बृ. सं. 60

474 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh LIV. Sl. 80-84. हस्तचतुष्के मध्यात् षोडशमिश्राङ्गुलेरुदग्वारि । चत्वारिंशत्पुरुषान् खात्वाऽश्माऽधः शिरा भवति ॥८०॥ Slokas 79-80.—When there is a Rohitaka tree sur- rounded by three trees of different types in the midst of three ant-hills, water is to be predicted there. The water is four cubits and 16 digits to the north of the centre of the ant-hills at a depth of 200 cubits. First a stone will be seen and beneath that a water-vein. ग्रन्थिप्रचुरा यस्मिन् शमी भवेदुत्तरेण वल्मीकः । पश्चात् पञ्चकरान्ते शतार्धसंख्यैर्नरैः सलिलम् ॥८१॥ Sloka 81.—Where there is a knotty Samee tree and an ant-hill to its north, there is water 5 cubits to the west at a depth of 250 cubits. एकस्थाः पञ्च यदा वल्मीका मध्यमो भवेच्छ्वेतः । तस्मिन् शिरा प्रदिष्टा नरषष्ट्या पञ्चवर्जितया ॥८२॥ Sloka 82.—When there are five ant-hills in a place and the central one is white, there is a vein underneath the middle one at a depth of 275 cubits. सपलाशा यत्र शमी पश्चिमभागेऽम्बु मानवैः षष्ट्या । अर्धनरेऽहिः प्रथमं सवालुका पीतमृत्परतः ॥८३॥ Sloka 83.—Where a Samee tree is combined with a Palasa, there is water 5 cubits to its west at a depth of 300 cubits. When the earth is dug 2½ cubits deep, first, a snake will be seen, and next, yellow clay mixed with gravel. वल्मीकेन परिवृतः श्वेतो रोहीतको भवेद्यस्मिन् । पूर्वेण हस्तमात्रे सप्तत्या मानवैरम्बु ॥८४॥

Adh. LIV. Sl. 85-89.] चतुःपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 475 Sloka 84.—Where there is a white Rohitaka tree surrounded by an ant-hill, there is water one cubit to the east at a depth of 350 cubits. श्वेता कण्टकबहुला यत्र शमी दक्षिणेन तत्र पयः । नरपञ्चकसंयुतया सप्तत्याहिर्नरार्धे च ॥८५॥ Sloka 85.—Where there is a white Samee tree full of thorns, there is water one cubit to its south at a depth of 375 cubits. At a depth of 2½ cubits, there will be a snake. मरुदेशे यच्चिह्नं न जाङ्गले तैर्जलं विनिर्देश्यम् । जम्बूवेतसपूर्वैर्ये पुरुषास्ते मरौ द्विगुणाः ॥८६॥ Sloka 86.—The existence of water in a forest tract may not be determined on such indications as apply to a desert. The characteristics mentioned, viz., Jambu Vetasa, etc., in waterless tracts, if seen in deserts, water should be declared to exist there at twice the depth mentioned. जम्बूस्त्रिवृता मौर्वी शिशुमारी सारिवा शिवा श्यामा । वीरुधयो वाराही ज्योतिष्मती गरुडवेगा ॥८७॥ सूकरिकमाषपर्ण्योव्याघ्रपदाश्चेति यद्यहेर्निलये । वल्मीकादुत्तरतस्त्रिभिः करैस्त्रिपुरुषे तोयम् ॥८८॥ Slokas 87-88.—If a Jambu tree, Trivrit, Maurvi, Sisumari, Sariva, Siva, Syama, Varahi, Jyotishmatee, Garudadhvaja, Sukarika, Mashaparnee and Vyaghra- pada creepers grow by an ant-hill, there is water three cubits to the north of it at a depth of 15 cubits. एतदनूपे वाच्यं जाङ्गलभूमौ तु पञ्चभिः पुरुषैः । एतैरेव निमित्तैर्मरुदेशे सप्तभिः कथयेत् ॥८९॥

476 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LIV. Sl. 90-94. Sloka 89.—The above measures apply only to watery tracts ; but in a forest region, the depth should be 25 cubits. If there be the same indications in a desert, water might be seen at a depth of 35 cubits. एकनिभा यत्र मही तृणतरुवल्मीकगुल्मपरिहीना । तस्यां यत्न विकारो भवति धरित्र्यां जलं तत्र ॥९०॥ Sloka 90.—Where some ground, otherwise uniform and devoid of grass, trees, ant-hills and bushes, con- tains a piece of unusual appearance, there is water at a depth of 25 cubits. यत्र स्निग्धा निम्ना सवालुका सानुनादिनी वा स्यात् । तत्रार्धपञ्चकैर्वारि मानवैः पञ्चभिर्यदि वा ॥९१॥ Sloka 91.—Where the earth is soft, low, sandy and emitting sound, there is water at a depth of 22½ or 25 cubits. स्निग्धतरूणां याम्ये नरैश्चतुर्भिर्जलं प्रभूतं च । तरुगहनेऽपि हि विकृतो यस्तस्मात् तद्वदेव वदेत् ॥९२॥ Sloka 92.—There will be plenty of water at 20 cubits to the south of smooth trees. The same may be said when a tree in the midst of a thick wood shows un- common symptoms. नमते यत्र धरित्री सार्धे पुरुषेऽम्बु जाङ्गलानूपे । कीटा वा यत्र विनालयेन बहवोऽम्बु तत्रापि ॥९३॥ Sloka 93.—Where in a forest or watery tract the earth goes down being trodden upon, or where numerous insects are seen without their abode, there is water at a depth of 7½ cubits. उष्णा शीता च मही शीतोष्णाम्भस्त्रिभिर्नरैः सार्धैः । इन्द्रधनुर्मत्स्यो वा वल्मीको वा चतुर्हस्तात् ॥९४॥

Adh. LIV. Sl. 95-99.] चतुःपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 477 Sloka 94.—An isolated cold spot in a warm ground denotes cold water ; an isolated warm spot in a cold ground, warm water at a depth of 17½ cubits and at 4 cubits' distance, if a rainbow, fish or ant-hill is seen. वल्मीकानां पङ्क्त्यां यद्येकोऽभ्युच्छ्रितः शिरा तदधः । शुष्यति न रोहते वा सस्यं यस्यां च तत्राम्भः ॥९५॥ Sloka 95.—If, in a row of ant-hills, one is taller than the rest, there is a vein underneath that; and where vegetation that has grown withers away or does not sprout at all, there is water at a distance of four cubits. न्यग्रोधपलाशोदुम्बरैः समेतैस्त्रिभिर्जलं तदधः । वटपिप्पलसमवाये तद्द्वाच्यं शिरा चोदक् ॥९६॥ Sloka 96.—Where a banyan, Palasa and Indian Fig tree, or a banyan and a Pippala tree are found together, there is water underneath them at 3 cubits' distance. The vein lies northward. आग्नेये यदि कोणे ग्रामस्य पुरस्य वा भवेत् कूपः । नित्यं स करोति भयं दाहं च समानुषं प्रायः ॥९७॥ नैर्ऋतकोणे बालक्षयं च वनिताभयं च वायव्ये । दिक्त्रयमेतत्त्यक्त्वा शेषासु शुभावहाः कूपाः ॥९८॥ Slokas 97-98.—If there be a well to the south-east of a village or town, it would mostly cause constant fear, and danger from fire to men. If it is situated in the south-west, it causes loss of children ; if in the north- west, it threatens the wife; wells in directions other than these three are productive of beneficial results. सारस्वतेन मुनिना दकार्गलं यत् कृतं तदवलोक्य । आर्याभिः कृतमेतद्वृत्तैरपि मानवं वक्ष्ये ॥९९॥

478 वृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LIV. Sl. 100-103. Sloka 99.—Thus have I treated of the subject of water-finding in verses composed in the आर्या metre, having gone through the work on the subject written by sage Saraswata. Now I shall explain the same subject in वृत्ता metre as taught by sage Manu. स्निग्धा यतः पादपगुल्मवल्ल्यो निश्छिद्रपत्राश्च ततः शिरास्ति । पद्मक्षुरोशीरकुलाः सगुण्ड्राः काशाः कुशा वा नलिका नलो वा ॥ खर्जूरजम्ब्वर्जुनवेतसाः स्युः क्षीरान्विता वा द्रुमगुल्मवल्ल्यः । छत्रेभनागाः शतपत्रनीपाः स्युर्नक्तमालाश्च ससिन्दुवाराः ॥१०१॥ विभीतको वा मदयन्तिका वा यत्रास्ति तस्मिन् पुरुषत्रयेऽम्भः । स्यात्पर्वतस्योपरि पर्वतोऽन्यस्तत्रापि मूले पुरुषत्रयेऽम्भः ॥१०२॥ Slokas 100-102.—A water vein will be found at a depth of 15 cubits in a place where trees, shrubs and creepers are smooth and densely covered with leaves, where lotus, Gokshura, Usira (வெட்டிவேர்) and Kula or Gundra grass, Kusa, Darbha, Nalika or Nala grows. Where date-trees, Jambu, Arjuna and Vetasa or milky trees, shrubs and creepers or mushrooms, Hastikarna, Nagakesara, lotus, Kadamba, Karaja and Sinduwara trees grow, or where there is Vibhitaka or Madayantika, there is water at 15 cubits. So also in a place where there is one mountain upon another मूले may be interpreted as "at the foot of the lower mountain or upper mountain." या मौञ्जिकैः काशकुशैश्च युक्ता नीला च मृद्यत्र सशर्करा च । तस्यां प्रभूतं सुरसं च तोयं कृष्णाथवा यत्र च रक्तमृद्वा ॥१०३॥ Sloka 103.—There is plenty of sweet water in a place which is full of Munja grass, reeds and holy grass, where the earth is blue and mixed with pebbles, and where the earth is black or red.

Adh. LIV. Sl. 104-108.] चतुःपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 479 सशर्करा ताम्रमही कषायं क्षारं धरित्री कपिला करोति । आपाण्डुरायां लवणं प्रदिष्टं मृष्टं पयो नीलवसुन्धरायाम् ॥१०४॥ Sloka 104.—A copper-coloured earth mixed with gravel will yield water of an astringent taste ; red-brown earth, brackish water; a pale white ground produces salt water ; and blue earth, sweet water. शाकाश्वकर्णार्जुनबिल्वसर्जाः श्रीपर्ण्यरिष्टाधवशिंशपाश्च । छिद्रैश्च पत्रैर्द्रुमगुल्मवल्ल्यो रूक्षाश्च दूरेऽम्बु निवेदयन्ति ॥१०५॥ Sloka 105.—Saka, Aswakarna, Arjuna, Bilwasarja, Sriparni, Arishta, Dhava and Simsapa trees, other trees, shrubs and creepers being coarse and having leaves full of holes, indicate the existence of water far off. सूर्याग्निभस्मोष्ट्रखरानुवर्णा या निर्जला सा वसुधा प्रदिष्टा । रक्ताङ्कुराः क्षीरयुताः करीरा रक्ता धरा चेज्जलमश्मनोऽधः ॥१०६॥ • Sloka 106 —A piece of earth that has the colour of the Sun, fire, ashes, camel or donkey is declared to be water-less. Where bamboo sprouts are red and milky and the earth red, there is water underneath a stone. वैदूर्यमुद्गाम्बुदमेचकाभा पाकोन्मुखोदुम्बरसन्निभा वा । भृङ्गाञ्जनाभा कपिलाथवा या ज्ञेया शिला भूरिसमीपतोया ॥१०७॥ Sloka 107.— Also a stone or rock that resembles beryl, green-gram, cloud, dark gem, ripe fig, bee or collyrium, or is brown, has got abundant water nearby. पारावतक्षौद्रघृतोपमा या क्षौमस्य वस्त्रस्य च तुल्यवर्णा । या सोमवल्लयाश्च समानरूपा साप्याशु तोयं कुरुतेऽक्षयं च ॥१०८॥ Sloka 108.—A rock which resembles in colour a pigeon, honey, ghee, silken cloth or some creeper, yields soon inexhaustible water.

480 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LIV. Adh. 109-112. ताम्रैः समेता पृषतैर्विचित्रैरापाण्डुभस्मोष्ट्रखरानुरूपा । भृङ्गोपमाङ्गुष्ठिकपुष्पिका वा सूर्याग्निवर्णा च शिला वितोया ॥१०९॥ Sloka 109.—A rock that is filled with red or varie- gated spots, that is pale white or has the colour of ashes, camels, donkeys, the Sun, fire, bee or the flower of Augushtika creeper is without any water nearby. चन्द्रातपस्फटिकमौक्तिकहेमरूपा याश्चेन्द्रनीलमणिहिङ्गुलकाञ्जनाभाः । सूर्योदयांशुहरितालनिभाश्च याः स्यु- स्ताः शोभना मुनिवचोऽत्र च वृत्तमेतत् ॥११०। Sloka 110.—Those stones that possess the colour or lustre of moon light, crystal gem, pearl, gold, blue gem, mercuric sulphide (?), collyrium, the rays of the rising Sun, or yellow orpiment, are auspicious; and the following is the authority of Sage Manu in Vritta metre on the point. एता ह्यभेद्याश्च शिलाः शिवाश्च यक्षैश्च नागैश्च सदाभिजुष्टाः । येषां च राष्ट्रेषु भवन्ति राज्ञां तेषामवृष्टिर्न भवेत् कदाचित् ॥१११॥ Sloka 111.—Such stones as enumerated above are auspicious and ought not to be broken, since they are always occupied by Yakshas and Nagas. The kings in whose realms such rocks are found will never experience drought. भेदं यदा नैति शिला तदानीं पलाशकाष्ठैः सह तिन्दुकानाम् । प्रज्वालयित्वानलमग्निवर्णा सुधाम्बुसिक्ता प्रविदारमेति ॥११२॥ Sloka 112.—When a rock cannot be broken by hammering, fire should be made on it with the logs of Palasa and Tinduka trees and it should be burnt until it

Adh. LIV. Sl. 113-118] चतुःपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 481 assumes the colour of the fire and then it should be sprinkled with lime water. Then it can be broken. तोयं श्रितं मोक्षकभस्मना वा यत्सप्तकृत्वः परिषेचनं तत् । कार्यं शरक्षारयुतं शिलायाः प्रस्फोटनं वह्निवितापितायाः ॥११३॥ Sloka 113.—The ashes of Maneevaka tree and reeds should be boiled in water and sprinkled on the rock seven times after heating it. Then it will break. तक्राञ्जिकसुराः सकुलत्था योजितानि बदराणि च तस्मिन् । सप्तरात्रमुषितान्यभितप्तां दारयन्ति हि शिलां परिषेकैः ॥११४॥ Sloka 114.—Butter-milk, gruel and liquor with horse gram and Jujube fruits must be kept for seven nights and then poured on the rock and heated as before. Then it will break. नैम्बं पत्रं त्वक् च नालं तिलानां सापामागं तिन्दुकं स्याद्गुडूची । गोमूत्रेण स्रावितः क्षार एषां षट्कृत्वोऽतस्तापितो भिद्यतेऽश्मा ॥ Sloka 115.—The leaves and bark of Neem tree, Sesamum stalks, Apamarga, Tinduka and Guduchi must be burnt to ashes. These ashes should be dissolved in the urine of cows and poured six times on the heated rock. Then it will break. Sloka 116.—Same as Ch. L. Sl. 25, (P. 405), supra. Sloka 117.—Same as Ch. L. Sl. 26, (P. 405), supra. पाली प्रागपरायताम्बु सुचिरं धत्ते न याम्योत्तरा कल्लोलैरवदारमेति मरुता सा प्रायशः प्रेरितैः । तां चेदिच्छति सारदारुभिरपां सम्पातमावारयेत् पाषाणादिभिरेव वा प्रतिचयं क्षुण्णं द्विपाश्वादिभिः ॥११८॥ Sloka 118.—A pond extending from east to west retains water for a long time, while one from north to बृं. सं- 61

482 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LIV. Sl. 119-122. south does not, since it is spoilt invariably by the waves raised by the wind. One who wishes for such a pond or tank should cover its walls in contact with the water with strong timber, or with stones and the like, the soil being rendered hard by the trampling of elephants, horses, etc. ककुभवटाम्रप्लक्षकदम्बैः सनिचुलजम्बूवेतसनीपैः । कुरबकतालाशोकमधूकैर्बकुलविमिश्रैश्चावृततीराम् ॥११९॥ Sloka 119.—The banks of the tank must be shaded by Kakubha, banyan, mango, Plaksha, Kadamba, Nichula, Jambu, Vetasa, Neepa, Kuravaka, Tala, Asoka, Madhuka and Bakula trees. द्वारं च नैर्वाहिकमेकदेशे कार्यं शिलासञ्चितवारिमार्गम् । कोशस्थितं निर्विवरं कपाटं कृत्वा ततः पांशुभिरावपेत्तम् ॥१२०॥ Sloka 120.—On one side let an outlet for the water be made with the passage being built of stones; let a panel without apertures be fixed in a frame and fastened to the earth with dust and mud. अञ्जनमुस्तोशीरैः सराजकोशातकामलकचूर्णैः । कतकफलसमायुक्तैर्यॊगः कूपे प्रदातव्यः ॥१२१॥ Sloka 121.—A mixture of antimony, Musta bulbs, Andropogon, powder of Rajakosataka and myrobalan combined with Kataka nuts should be put into a well. कलुषं कटुकं लवणं विरसं सलिलं यदि वाशुभगन्धि भवेत् । तदनेन भवत्यमलं सुरसं सुसुगन्धि गुणैरपरैश्च युतम् ॥१२२॥ Sloka 122.—If the water is muddy, pungent, salt- ish, of bad taste, and not of good odour, it will by this mixture become clear, tasteful, good-smelling, and en- dowed with other good qualities.

LIV. 123-125. LV-1] चतुःपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 483 हस्तो मघानुराधापुष्यधनिष्टोत्तराणि रोहिण्यः । शतभिषगित्यारम्भे कूपानां शस्यते भगणः ॥१२३॥ Sloka 123.—The asterisms which are propitious for sinking wells are Hasta, Magha, Anuradha, Pushya, Dhanishta, Uttaraphalguni, Uttarashadha, Uttarabha- drapada, Rohini and Satabhisha. कृत्वा वरुणस्य बलिं वटवेतसकीलकं शिरास्थाने । कुसुमैर्गन्धैर्धूपैः सम्पूज्य निधापयेत् प्रथमम् ॥१२४॥ Sloka 124.—One should first offer oblations to Varuna and drive a wedge of banyan or Vetasa at the place of the Vein, having honoured it with flowers, per- fumes and incenses. मेघोद्भवं प्रथममेव मया प्रदिष्टं ज्येष्टामतीत्य बलदेवमतादि दृष्ट्वा । भौमं दगार्गलमिदं कथितं द्वितीयं सम्यग्वराहमिहिरेण मुनिप्रसादात् ॥१२५॥ Sloka 125.—Having viewed the opinions of Bala- deva and others, I have first dealt with the subject of water derived from the clouds after the full Moon in the month of Jyeshta (Adh. XXIII, supra). This second method of exploring water from the earth has now been clearly treated by me, Varahamihira, by the favour of the sages. Thus ends the 54th Adhyaya on "the exploration of Water Springs." वृक्षायुर्वेदाध्यायः ॥५५॥ Treatment of Trees. प्रान्तच्छायाविनिर्मुक्ता न मनोज्ञा जलाशयाः । यस्मादतो जलप्रान्तेष्वारामान् विनिवेशयेत् ॥१॥

484 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LV. Sl. 2-5. Sloka 1.—One should have gardens laid out on the banks of water, inasmuch as tanks and the like are not lovely without shade on their margins मृद्वी भूः सर्ववृक्षाणां हिता तस्यां तिलान् वपेत् । पुष्पितांस्तांश्च मृद्नीयात् कर्मैतत्प्रथमं भुवः ॥२॥ Sloka 2.—A soft soil is favourable to all sorts of trees. One should first of all sow there sesamum, which must be crushed when in bloom. This is the first work to be done for the soil. तथा च काश्यपः दूर्वावीरणसंयुक्ताः सानूपा मृदुमृत्तिकाः । तत्र वाप्याः शुभा वृक्षाः सुगन्धिफलशाखिनः ॥ अरिष्टाशोकपुन्नागशिरीषाः सप्रियङ्गवः । मङ्गल्याः पूर्वमारामे रोपणीया गृहेषु वा ॥३॥ Sloka 3.— The tree Arishta, Punnaga and Sirisha along with Priyangu creeper should first be planted in gardens as well as near houses for ensuring prosperity. तथा च काश्यपः अशोकचम्पकारिष्टपुन्नागाश्च प्रियङ्गवः। शिरीषोदुम्बराः श्रेष्ठाः पारिजातकमेव च ॥ एते वृक्षाः शुभा ज्ञेयाः प्रथमं तांश्च रोपयेत् । देवालये तथोद्याने गृहेषूपवनेषु च ॥ पनसाशोककदलीजम्बूलकुचदाडिमाः । द्राक्षापालीवताश्चैव बीजपूरातिमुक्तकाः ।४।। एते द्रुमाः काण्डरोप्या गोमयेन प्रलेपिताः । मूलोच्छेदेऽथवा स्कन्धे रोपणीयाः परं ततः ॥५॥ Slokas 4-5.—In respect of jack tree, Asoka, plantain, Jambu, lemon, pomegranate, grape vine, Palivata, Matu- langa (citron) and jasmine creeper, the grafting may be

Adh. LV. Sl. 6-7.] पञ्चपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 485 done by smearing a branch with cow-dung and transplant- ing it on the branch of another; or it may be done by cutting off the trunk of a tree and by transplanting it like a wedge on the trunk of another tree. (Here the part where the junction is effected must be covered with a coating of mud). तथा च काश्यपः द्राक्षांतिमुक्तको जम्बूबीजपूरकदाडिमाः । कदलीबहुलाशोकाः काण्डरोप्याश्च वापयेत् ॥ अन्येऽपि शाखिनो ये च पुष्पिताः फलितास्तथा । गोमयेन प्रलिप्ताश्च रोपणीया विवृद्धये ॥ अजातशाखान् शिशिरे जातशाखान् हिमागमे । वर्षागमे च सुस्कन्धान् यथादिक्स्थान् प्ररोपयेत् ॥६॥ Sloka 6.—The grafting should be done in शिशिर season for those that have not yet got branches; in हेमन्त for those that have grown branches; in the beginning of monsoon for those that have large branches. The parti- cular direction of the cut off tree should be maintained in grafting also. तथा च काश्यपः अजातशाखा ये वृक्षाः शिशिरे तांश्च रोपयेत् । जातशाखाश्च हेमन्ते रोपणीया विधानतः । सुस्कन्धाः शाखिनो ये तान् प्रावृट्काले तु रोपयेत् ॥ घृतोशीरतिलक्षौद्रविडङ्गक्षीरगोमयैः । आमूलस्कन्धलिप्तानां सङ्क्रमणविरोपणम् ॥७॥ Sloka 7.—Trees can be taken to other countries and there grafted on others, if they are smeared from root to the stem with ghee, Andropogon, sesamum, honey, Vidanga, milk and cow-dung.

486 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LV. Sl. 8-12. तथा च घृतं क्षीरं तथा क्षौद्रमुशीरंस्तिलगोमयैः । विडङ्गलेपनं मूलात् सङ्क्रमोविरोपणम् ॥ शुचिर्भूत्वा तरोः पूजां कृत्वा स्नानानुलेपनैः । रोपयेद्रोपितश्चैव पत्रैस्तैरेव जायते ॥८॥ Sloka 8.—One ought to be clean and worship a tree with ablutions and pastes, and then graft it. Then it wil thrive even with the leaves with which it is grafted. सायं प्रातश्च घर्मर्तौ शीतकाले दिनान्तरे । वर्षासु च भुवः शोषे सेक्तव्या रोपिता द्रुमाः ॥९॥ Slokas 9.—The transplanted trees should be watered morning and evening in summer; on alternate days in cold season; and whenever the soil is dry during the rains. जम्बूवेतसवानीरकदम्बोदुम्बरार्जुनाः । बीजपूरकमृद्वीकालकुचाश्च सदाडिमाः ॥१०॥ वञ्जुलो नक्तमालश्च तिलकः पनसस्तथा । तिमिरोऽम्रातकश्चेति षोडशानूपजाः स्मृताः ॥११॥ Slokas 10-11.—Jambu, Vetasa, Vanira, Kadamba, fig, Arjuna, Matulunga, grape vine, lemon, pomegranate, Vanjula, Naktamala, Tilaka, Jack, Timira and Amrataka, these sixteen trees grow in a moist soil. उत्तमं विंशतिर्हस्ता मध्यमं षोडशान्तरम् । स्थानात् स्थानान्तरं कार्यं वृक्षाणां द्वादशावरम् ॥१२॥ Sloka 12.—It is very good, if trees are planted 20 cubits apart; moderate, if 16 cubits apart; and inferior, if 12-cubits apart. तथा च काश्यपः । अन्तरं विंशतिर्हस्ता वृक्षाणामुत्तमं स्मृतम् । मध्यमं षोडश ज्ञेयमधमं द्वादश स्मृतम् ॥