वास्तु मण्डन (मण्डन सूत्रधार - गृह, राजप्रासाद, दुर्ग एवं नगर-वास्तु सटीक)

42 वास्तुमण्डनम् पदमध्ये चोपमर्म तानि भित्त्यादितस्त्यजेत्। ^२२०मर्मभिर्भित्तिभिः स्तम्भैः कीलोच्छिष्टोपघातकैः॥ १४३॥ पीडयेद्यदि तद्वास्तु भवनादिषु हानिकृत्। ^२२१पदस्य षोडशांशेन द्वादशांशेन वा पुनः॥ १४४॥ मर्ममानं स्मृतं कैश्चिदेकद्वित्र्यंगुलोन्मितम्॥ १४५॥ इति मर्मवास्तुः॥ सर्वदेवमयस्यापि पुंवास्तोः प्रथमं खनेत्। कुक्षौ सौख्यं पुराघाते ^२२२शरीरे सर्वसंक्षयः॥ १४६॥ इति खातविधौ पुरुषवास्तुः॥ विप्रस्याश्वत्थजाः ^२२३कीला युगास्रा रदमात्रिकाः। क्षत्रियस्याष्टयुग्मांशा वस्वस्राः खदिरोद्भवाः॥ १४७॥ विशां जिनाङ्गुलादीर्घाः षोडशास्राः शिरीषजाः। ^२२४शूद्रे नखाङ्गुला वृत्ता अर्जुनां जनजा दृढाः॥ १४८॥ सूत्रं स्यादाङ्गुल^२२५स्थूलमष्टदण्डायतं दृढम्। द्विजानां दर्भजं राज्ञां मौजं काशं भवं विशाम्॥ १४९॥ शूद्राणां शणजं क्षौमं कार्पासं चाखिलेष्वपि। बहिकोणादितो गेहे ^२२६सृष्ट्या कीलान्प्रविन्यसेत्॥ १५०॥ २२०. मर्मणितित्तिभिः in A २२१. पदमध्ये in A २२२. शारीरे in AB २२३. कीलायुलायुगा in B २२४. शुद्धे in A २२५. राल in B २२६. सृष्टा in DE

Ch. I – Miśrakādhyāyaḥ 43 143-144. At the inception of the foundation, Upamarmas should be avoided in the middle of the plot. If that Vāstu is afflicted by Marma, walls, pillars, nails or unclean things, it will be disastrous for a house. 145. Measurement of the Marmas is done by twelve or sixteen units but according to some it is measured by one, two or three fingers. Thus ends Marmavāstu. 146. Though each of the Pādas are occupied by Gods, even then the Puṁvāstu is to be dug first of all. It is beneficial if dug in the cavity of the abdomen; if dug on the other parts of the body, it brings destruction. Such is the principle of digging in the Puruṣavāstu. 147. The house of a Brahmin will have nails made out of the Aśvattha tree, it will be thirty-two Aṅgulas in measurement and quadrangu- lar in shape. For a Kṣatriya it will be sixteen⁸ Aṅgulas, made out of the Khadira tree and octagonal. 148. For a Vaiśya, it will be twenty four Aṅgulas in length made out of the Śirīṣa tree and hexagonal. For a Śūdra, it will be twenty Aṅgulas made out of the Arjuna tree, and it will be strong and circular in shape. 149-150. The thread will be sturdy, eight Daṇḍas (32 hands =48 feet) in length and one Aṅgula in breadth. For a Brahmin, the thread will be made out of Darbha (a type of grass), for a King, out of Muñja, for Vaiśya, out of Kāśa, for Śūdra, out of jute, silk, and cotton; these will be made universally. In the laying out of a house, the nails should be inserted from Vahni (South-East corner). 8 It is twenty eight Aṅgulas in A.P.

44 वास्तुमण्डनम् सूत्र२२७च्छेदेन २२८सिद्धै स्यादृष्टीले विच्युते भयम् । कीलकेऽवाङ्मुखे रोगस्ततो यत्नं समाचरेत् ॥ १५१ ॥ समारभेत कर्माणि २२९अष्टसूत्रविधिक्रमात् । विद्यादृष्टिकरं मौजं कार्पासमवलम्बकम् ॥ १५२ ॥ काष्ठं च साधकं लेख्यमष्टसूत्राण्यनुक्रमात् ॥ १५३ ॥ इति कीलकारोपणम् ॥ नागस्य प्रथमे घाते पुच्छे २३०पृष्ठे मुखे भयम् । वामकुक्षौ भवेत्सौख्यं तस्मात्कुक्षिरिहोच्यते ॥ १५४ ॥ सिंहादि त्रित्रिगे भानौ सृष्ट्या नागमुखं दिशि । खातं वायौ महेशेऽग्नौ नैर्ऋत्ये शोभनं क्रमात् ॥ १५५ ॥ इति नागवास्तुविधिः । शल्यज्ञाने फणेचक्रमष्टाविंशतिकोष्ठकम् । तिर्यक् २३१पञ्चोर्ध्वगारेखाः कर्तव्या २३२अष्टसन्मिताः ॥ १५६ ॥ द्वारशाखामघायाम्यं द्वारमध्ये च कृत्तिका । पृष्ठपंक्तौ लिखे२३३त्स्वातेः सप्तधिष्ण्यान्यनुक्रमात् ॥ १५७ ॥ चित्रापुनर्वसू रौद्रं मृगशीर्षं धनिष्ठिका । २३४श्रवणं चाभिजित् पंक्तौ द्वितीयायामतो लिखेत् ॥ १५८ ॥ २२७. च्छेदोन in A २२८. सिद्धयै in A, सिध्य in D, सिद्धिं in E २२९. This अष्टसूत्रविधिः is mentioned in AP ch 55 V15-17 २३०. पृष्ठमुखे in B २३१ यंत्रोर्द्धग in A पंचोर्द्धणा in B २३२. चाष्ट- in E २३३. त्वातः in E २३४. ष्ट्रवनं in A

Ch. I – Miśrakādhyāyaḥ 45 151. If the thread is torn or the pebbles of the measuring thread are displaced, then there is a chance of fear. If the peg faces down- wards, there may be disease, so one should take care in placing the nails. One should start work according to the eightfold procedure of con- struction . 152-153. Muñja is conducive to the auspicious look and cotton (Kārpāsa) leads to support. Wood is congenial for writing according to the eightfold procedure. Thus ends the discourse on pegs. 154. In a Vāstu, resting on Nāga, if the first digging is made on the tail, back or face it will cause fear. But if it is done on the left side of the womb it is regarded as auspicious and is known as Kukṣi. 155. If the Sun is on the three Zodiac signs of Leo and others and digging is done on that side where the Nāga faces, then it is auspicious and the digging is to be made serially from Vāyu (North-West), Maheśa (North-East), Agni (South-East), and Nairṛta(South-West). Thus ends the rules of Nāgavāstu. 156-157. To know about Śalya one should draw a chart of serpents with 28 chambers (Koṣṭha). There will be five slanting lines drawn upwardly with eight on the other side. Maghā will be on the lower part of the door frame and Kṛttikā will be on the centre of the door. On the back row one should put the name of Svātī and other seven stars serially. 158. Citrā, Punarvasū, Raudra (Ārdrā), Mṛgaśirā, Dhaniṣṭhā, Śravaṇā, Abhijit -these stars are to be written on the second row.

46 वास्तुमण्डनम् हस्तः पुष्यस्तथाश्लेषा रोहिणीशततारकम्। पूर्वभाद्रोत्तराभाद्रं तृतीयायां लिखेत्सुधीः॥ १५९॥ उत्तरफाल्गुनी पूर्वफाल्गुनी पितृमाग्निभे। भरणी चाश्विनी पौष्णं द्वारपंक्त्या भसप्तकम्॥ १६०॥ अश्विन्यादित्रिकं चैव आर्द्रायाश्चैव पञ्चकम्। ²³⁵पूर्वाषाढाचतुष्कं च उत्तरारेवतीद्वयम्॥ १६१॥ एतानि शशीधिष्ण्यानि शेषाणि रविभानि च। चन्द्रधिष्ण्ये स्थिते सूर्ये ²³⁶सूर्य चन्द्रे ²³⁷समागते॥ १६२॥ तत्र शून्यं भवेत्स्थानं द्रव्यशल्यविवर्जितम्। द्रव्यशल्यं विना ह्येवं ²³⁸स्वल्पं द्रव्यादि निर्दिशेत्॥ १६३॥ चन्द्रपूर्वापरो भानुस्तत्र शल्यं विनिर्दिशेत्। भानुः पूर्वापरश्चन्द्रस्तत्र द्रव्यं विनिर्दिशेत्॥ १६४॥ उदयादिगता ²³⁹नाड्यः भघ्नाः षष्ट्यासशेषके। दिनेन्दुं ²⁴⁰भुक्तियुक्तेऽसौ भवेत्तकालचन्द्रमाः॥ १६५॥ चन्द्रवत साधयेत् सूर्य नक्षत्रं ²⁴¹चेष्टकालिकम्। ²⁴²शल्यमभ्युध(द्ध)रेत्काष्ठ लोहाङ्गारकवास्थिकम्॥ १६६॥ निखन्य गृहभूमिं तु शिलान्तं वा ²⁴³जलान्तकम्। शल्यं समुद्धरेद्धीमानित्याह स्मापराजितः॥ १६७॥ २३५. पूर्वाषाढय in B २३६. सूर्ये चन्द्र in E २३७. समागमे in BDE २३८. शिल्यं in A २३९. नाभ्यो in A २४०. भुक्तेयुक्तो in D भक्तयुक्तो in E २४१. E gives marginal note परिमाणादिलक्षणम् २४२. B omits V166 cd and 167ab. २४३. जलांतिकम् in A

Ch. I – Miśrakādhyāyaḥ 47 159. Hastā, Puṣyā, Āśleṣā, Rohiṇī, Śatatāraka (Śatabhiṣā), Pūrvabhadrā, Uttarabhadrā - these stars are to be written on the third row. 160. Uttaraphālgunī, Purvaphālgunī, Pitṛ (Maghā, Mūlā), Agni (Kṛttikā), Bharaṇī, Aśvinī, and Pauṣṇa (Revatī) - these seven stars are to be put on the door line. 161-163. Three stars starting from Aśvinī, five stars starting from Ārdrā, four stars starting from Pūrvāṣāḍhā, Uttarabhādrapadā and Revatī - these are under the lunar house while others are under the solar house. If the lunar stars come under the Sun, and the Sun is united with the Moon then that place will be devoid of any particles and Śalya. It indicates that there is no Dravyaśalya, only a small quantity of other particles may be there. 164. If the Sun is in the western direction and the Moon in the East, in that position one can detect Śalya. If the Sun is in the Eastern direction and the Moon is in the West there one can indicate (Vinirdiśet) the 'Dravya'. 165. At the time of sunrise, the star of the Nāḍī is to be divided by 60. If the remainder is 17 (dinendu) in the daily motion of the planet (bhuktiyukte), it will be candramā at that time. 166. The position of the Sun and the stars will be counted in the man- ner of the Moon to get the desired time. Wood, iron, charcoal (Aṅgāra), bone, will be counted as Śalya. 167. While digging the residential land under the stone or water one should weed out all these. A wise man will uplift the Śalya, - so says Aparājitā.

48 वास्तुमण्डनम् ग्रन्थान्तरे- अधः पुरुष²⁴⁴मात्रात्तु न शल्यं दोषदं गृहे। जलान्तकं स्थितं शल्यं प्रासादे दोषदं नृणाम्॥ १६८॥ शल्ये नृपभयं गव्ये हयजे रोगसम्भवः। मार्जारशल्ये नाशश्च शुनोऽस्थिनि²⁴⁵कलिर्भवेत्॥ १६९॥ हानिः खरोष्ट्रयोः शल्ये नराङ्गे बालकक्षयः। छागे वह्निभयं चान्यत्सर्वं शल्यं भयावहम्॥ १७०॥ अङ्गारेषु तथोन्मादं कपालेषु स सम्भ्रमः। काष्ठशल्ये तु जानीयात् ²⁴⁶पौँश्चल्यं स्त्रीषु वास्तुवित्॥ १७१॥ इति शल्योद्धारविधिः॥ कम्बिकालक्षणं ज्ञेयं मानार्थं सर्वकर्मणाम्। विश्वेशोऽपि जगत्स्रष्टुं यां दधार करे पुरा॥ १७२॥ परमाणुभिरष्टाभिस्त्रसरेणुरुदाहृतः। रेण्वष्टकेन बालाग्रं लिक्षा तैरष्टभिर्मताः॥ १७३॥ लिक्षाभिरष्टभिर्युका ता अष्ट स्याद्यवोदरम्। अष्टभिः सप्तभिः षड्भिस्तैर्मात्राङ्गुलमंशकः॥ १७४॥ त्रिविधैरङ्गुलैर्हस्तो ज्येष्ठो मध्यश्च कन्यसः। जिनैकार्द्धाङ्गुलो दैर्घ्ये ब्यासे पिण्डे क्रमा²⁴⁷न्मतः॥ १७५॥ धातुवंशमधूकोत्थः खदिराञ्जनचन्दनैः। तत्र पर्वाष्टकं पुष्पं त्र्यङ्गुले त्र्यङ्गुले भवेत्॥ १७६॥ २४४. मात्रां in A २४५. E gives Footnote २४ अंगु २४६. पौश्चल्यं in CDE २४७. -त्ततः in DE

Ch. I – Miśrakādhyāyaḥ 49 In the other book 168. If the Śalya is under one Puruṣa measurement it is not regarded as faulty for a house. If a Śalya lies beneath the water it is faulty for a palace and human beings . 169 - 171. Śalya causes fear of the King if it comes from a cow, and if from a horse there is fear of disease. If Śalya comes from a cat then there is destruction and if it is from a dog then there will be discord and quarrels. (If the Śalya is) from an ass or camel there will be loss, and if it is parts of a human being then there will be loss of child. There is a fear of fire if the Śalya comes from a goat, and all other Śalyas are formidable (Bhayāvaha). From char- coal there is a fear of insanity/ madness, from a skull bone (Kapāla) there will be confusion. A man proficient in Vāstu knows that Śalya from wood brings forth Pauṁśalya in women. Thus ends the procedure of śalyoddhāra. 172. To measure each and everything one should know the marks of Kambikā⁹. To create the world, the lord of the universe held it by hand. 173. One Tryasareṇu is made of eight Paramāṇus. Eight Reṇus make one Bālāgra and one Likṣā is made of eight Bālāgras. 174. Yukā is made of eight Likṣhās and eight Yukās make one Yava. By the grouping of 8,7,6(Yavas), the division of Mātrā Aṅgula and Aṁśaka are formed respectively. 175. Three types of finger measurements makes three types of Hasta(hands), Jyeṣṭha (big) Madhya(medium) and Kanyasa (small). The Kambikā is measured in the following order. 24, 1, and 1/2 aṅgulas will be the length, breadth and circumference respectively. 176. The measurement rod may be made of material like, bamboo, Madhūka, Khadira, Añjana, Candana trees. There will be eight Parvas having flower marks at the interval of every third Aṅgulas. 9 Kambikā: Join of a bamboo shoot or branch Kambi-Kuśa.

50 वास्तुमण्डनम् रुद्रोऽनिलो विश्वकर्मा वह्निर्ब्रह्मायमोऽम्बुपः । धनदो विष्णुरित्यादौ पुष्पेष्वग्रे सुरा नव ॥ १७७ ॥ उच्चाटव्याधि२४८सन्तापा वह्निः प्रजाक्षयो मृतिः । जलधान्यक्षयौ मोहः फलं तत्पीडने क्रमात् ॥ १७८ ॥ केवलान्यत्र२४९ पर्वाणि २५०चत्वार्यर्काङ्गुलै२५१र्भजेत् । मध्यातपञ्चाष्ट सूर्यांशं द्वित्रिवेदांशकैः पुनः ॥ १७९ ॥ मूले पुष्पेषु रेखासु प्रान्ते च त्रिदशाः करे ॥ त्रयोविंशतिराद्यार्धे स धार्यः पुष्पकान्तरे ॥ १८० ॥ २५२ईशोऽनिलो विश्वकर्मा वह्नि ब्रह्मा रविः क्रमात् । रुद्रो यमो विरूपाक्षो वसवो दिग्गजाम्बुपाः ॥ १८१ ॥ २५३स्कन्द इच्छाक्रियाज्ञानी धनेशश्चन्द्रमाजयः । वासुदेवः सङ्कर्षणः प्रद्युम्नश्चानिरुद्धकः ॥ १८२ ॥ एते देवाः सदैवास्यां कम्बिकायां सुनिश्चलाः । आगमैर्वेदमन्त्रैश्च पूज्या सा परमाकला ॥ १८३ ॥ ॐ तत्पुरुषाय विद्महे महादेवाय धीमहि । तन्नो रुद्रः प्रचोदयात् ॥ इयं हि रुद्रगायत्रीपवित्रीकरणं परम् । चतुर्विंशत्यङ्गुलेषु वर्णनेतान् क्रमान्न्यसेत् ॥ १८४ ॥ खेटकं नगरं ग्रामं क्रोशगव्यूतियोजनम् । क्षेत्रादिभूमिभागांश्च ज्येष्ठहस्तेन मापयेत् ॥ १८५ ॥ २४८. संतापो in A २४९. वर्षाणि in A २५०. चत्वार्थकां २५१. भवेत् in DE २५२. similar verse in AP ch 41. V16 २५३. स्कन्दरो in B

Ch. I – Miśrakādhyāyaḥ 51 177. Rudra, Anila, Viśvakarmā, Vahni, Brahmā, Yama, Ambupa, Dhanada, Viṣṇu, these nine gods will be placed in front of Puṣpa. 178. If oppressed, there may serially be evil effects of sorcery (Uccāṭa), disease(Vyādhi), bereavement (Santāpa), fire (Vahni), loss of sub- jects (Prajākṣaya), death (Mṛti), loss of water and grains (Jaladhānyakṣaya),and dilution (Mohaphala) 179. Here only four Parvas are to be distributed within twelve aṅgulas. From the middle, the fifth, eighth, twelfth part may again be divided into two, three, four parts. 180. On the main line of the Puṣpa and on the border line and on the 13th aṅgulas and on the upper half of the 23rd part that should be placed in between Puṣpaka. 181-182. Serially the deities are Īśa, Anila, Visvakarmā, Vahni, Brahmā, Ravi, Rudra, Yama, Virūpākṣa, eight Vasus, Diggaja, Ambupa, Skanda, Icchākriyā, Jñānī, (the learned), Dhaneśa, Candramā, Jaya, Vāsudeva, Saṅkarṣaṇa, Pradyumna, Aniruddha 183. These deities are unalterable in the front part of the Kambikā, so they are to be worshipped with Tantras and Vedic rites as the best one. Oṁ, we know the great deity and my obeisance is for Mahādeva and may Rudra lead us to salvation. 184. This is the purificatory incantation of Rudragāyatrī. These letters are to be marked serially in the Aṅgulas. 185. A Kheṭaka (small village), city, village will be measured in terms of Krośa, Gavyūti, Yojanas. Fields and other plots of land are to be measured with Jyeṣṭhahasta.

52 वास्तुमण्डनम् प्रासादप्रतिमालिङ्गं गृहं राजगृहं२५४ तथा२५५। वापीकूपादिभूखातं मिनुयान्मध्यमेन तु ॥ १८६ ॥ यन्त्रशस्त्रासनं वाद्यं वापी२५५कूपेन भाजनम् । छत्रं शय्यारथादीनि कन्यसेन करेण हि ॥ १८७ ॥ एकविंशाङ्गुलोऽरत्निरनिर्हस्त एव च। चतुर्हस्तो धनुर्दण्डो वंशः पञ्चकरः स्मृतः ॥ १८८ ॥ २५६गृहादिकर्म२५७प्रारम्भे हस्तस्य सुधृतस्य तु। पतनं न शुभं तस्मा२५८त्प्रयतेतास्य धारणे ॥ १८९ ॥ इति कम्बिकालक्षणम्। करे करगुणे हस्ता अङ्गलघ्ने करेऽङ्गुलाः। अङ्गुलेष्वङ्गलघ्नेषु फलं लब्धं २५९जिनैर्हृते ॥ १९० ॥ व्यासात्रिगुणितो२६० वृत्तः परिधिः षष्ठभागयुक्। व्यासपादे परिधिना गुणिते वृत्तजं फलम् ॥ १९१ ॥ २५४. गृहवथा in A २५५. कूपेभ in BCDE २५६. ग्रहादि in A २५७. -मारम्भे in A २५८. प्रयतेत्तस्य in DE २५९. जनैहृते in A २६०. E writes marginal note व्यासस्य षड्भागः ब्यासैः । in A

Ch. I – Miśrakādhyāyaḥ 53 186. Temples, idols, Liṅgas, houses as well as royal palaces, tanks, wells, and other dugouts are to be measured with medium hand. 187. Mechanical contrivances, weapons, seats, drums, ponds, wells, utensils, umbrellas, beds, chariots are to be measured with small hands (Kanyasa). 188. Twenty one Aṅgulas make one Aratni as well as one Hasta. Dhanu and Daṇḍa will be four hands in measurement and the Vaṁśa will be of five hands. 189. At the beginning of the construction, the measuring hand should be counted correctly. If anybody deviates from that, it is inaus- picious, so one should be careful to count it accurately. Thus ends the characteristies of kambikā. Linear Hasta measurement can be obtained by measuring with Kara joined by another Kara. By measuring Hasta with Kara, one will get the Karāṅgula unit measurement (superficial contents of a figure in hasta and kara). 190. Multiplying the measurement of one finger (Aṅgula) by another finger and dividing the result by 24, one can get the area in Aṅgula units¹⁰ 191AB. Three times the diameter of a circle, when added to one sixth part of the same diameter, obtains the circumference of the circle (Vṛtta) with respect to diameter [If d is the diameter of a circle, the circumference as given in the verse is 3d +d/6 = d(3+ 1 / 6) = d(3+ 0.167) = 3.167d say approximately to 3.141d = πd i.e. the mathematical formula of the circumference of the circle]. 191CD. Multiplying the circumference by one fourth part of the diam- eter, one can get the Vṛtta phala (area of the circle). 10 Example:- To find the area of the plot, 5 Kara, 12 Aṅgula by 3 Kara 12 Aṅgula . Solution: 1st Step:- 5 Kara X 3 Kara= 15(sq.) Karas, 2nd Step:- 5 Karāṅgula X 12 Aṅgula = 1440 (sq.) Aṅgula 3 Kara Aṅgula X 12 Aṅgula = 864 (sq .) Aṅgula 12 Aṅgula X 12 Aṅgula = 144 (sq .) Aṅgula Total = 2448 (sq. ) Aṅgula 2448÷24=102, 102÷24 =4(sq) Kara 6(sq.) Aṅgula

54 वास्तुमण्डनम् गोले व्यासघनस्यार्धस्वैकविंशांशयुक् फलम् । ज्याशरैक्यार्धं शरघ्नं पुराणांशयुतं धनुः ॥ १९२ ॥ कृत्वा प्राक्सूत्रमधार्द्धं दक्षिणोत्तरमत्स्ययोः । न्यस्यसूत्रैश्चतुःकोणैरङ्कितं चतुरस्रकम् ॥ १९३ ॥ इष्टबाहुमितैर्भागैर्वृत्तार्धं विभजेत्सुधीः । २६१षडंशस्तस्यभुजो ह्येवं वृत्तान्तः क्षेत्रसूत्रणम् ॥ १९४ ॥ क्षेत्रार्धं स्वरसांशे २६२न षष्ठास्तस्य भुजो भवेत् । रसांशः स्वरसांशेन युतो बाहुः २६३कलास्रके ॥ १९५ ॥ २६१. षडंशस्याङ्गुजो in B २६२. नमष्टास्र in BCDE २६३. कलास्रकं in A

Ch. I – Miśrakādhyāyaḥ 55 [1/4 d x circumference = πd x d/4 = πd²/4 = mathematical formula for the area of a circle. 192ab After getting the measurement of the diameter of the circle, half of the cubic value of the diameter has to be divided into 21 parts. The remaining first half of the cube of the diameter is then to be added to one twenty first part of the previous half. The result of the summation will give the volume of the Gola. [If d is the diameter of the Gola, cubic half of the diameter when broken into twenty-one parts and one part is then added to the remaining cubic half of the diameter, this results in a summation as d³/2 (1 +1/21) =d³/6(3+1/7) = d³/6(3.142) say πd³/6 i.e. the mathematical formula for the volume of a sphere] 192cd Add sine (Jyā) to verse sine (Śara) and half of the summation be multiplied by verse sine again. Adding one eighteenth of it further to itself, the measurement of dhanu (part of a circle) would be established. 193. With the above formulae one can draw the east-west as well as the north-south line of the land with the depiction of a fish. A quadrangular square can be drawn with the same formula, by lay- ing on four corners. 194. A wise man will determine half of the circumference of a circle with one's own desired Hasta measurement (out of three desired types). One Bhuja (base) will be one-sixth of the value of half circumference by Hasta measurement; this formula was being used for the measurement of a plot of land. A six cornered plot of land would have 1/6 of half circumference measured by Hasta and added with 1/6 of the other half circum- ference would give the base of the 6 cornered plot of land in Bhuja i.e. 2 bhuja. [Let us take S = the measurement in Hasta of half circumference of a circle. Bhuja is then = S/6. The base of a six cornered plot of land according to the verse is equal to S/6 + S/6 = 2S/6

56 वास्तुमण्डनम् स्वस्वमानघ्नयोर्बाह्वोर्योगान्मूलं विकर्णजम् ॥ १९६ ॥ ग्रन्थान्तरे ॥ कर्णतो बाहिके द्वे ये त्र्यंशैकान्यायुगांशकाः । तत्कर्णः पञ्चभागः स्यात्करे युगगुणाङ्गुलाः ॥ १९७ ॥ इति मेयविधिः ॥ भूमिं संशोधयित्वा तु पुनर्वास्तु समर्चयेत् । क्षेत्रपालान्दिशाधीशान् गणेशग्रहचण्डिकाः ॥ १९८ ॥ नैवेद्यैः क्षीरखण्डाज्यैः पक्वान्नैर्विविधैरपि । बलिभिः पुष्पधूपैश्च यथाशास्त्रं प्रपूजयेत् ॥ १९९ ॥

Ch. I – Miśrakādhyāyaḥ 57 which is the mathematical formula of the base of a six cornered plot of land in a circle as 2S = the total circumference of the circle.] 195. For a sixteen cornered plot of land in a circle, the value of the base in Bhuja (arc) is available by dividing the base of Six cornered plot by sixteen into six. [Mathematically the base of a sixteen cornered plot of land in a circle as 2S/16 where S is the measurement of half circumference of the circle. [According to the verse, base of the sixteen cornered plot of land = 2S/6 X 6/16=2S/16]. By joining the summation of the measurement of each base, one will get the measurement of Vikarṇa (diameter, the diagonal), generating thus the Mūla (centre) of the circle. In other book: 196. Two arms (Bāhu) out of a right angle (Karṇa) inside a circle joining two ends of a diameter of the circle having measurements of 3 and 4 units will end up with a diameter of 5 units of measurement. Thus ends the methodology of measurement. [In a right angle triangle, having two arms of dimensions, 3 units and 4 units will result in 3² + 4² = 5²]* Thus ends the definition of Kamvikā. 197. Multiply Kara (i. e Hasta=24 Aṅgulas ) with Kara to get (square) Kara, also Aṅgulas with Karāṅgulas, and Aṅgula by dividing with 24(Jina) twice gives the result(of the area of rectangular or square plot). 197. Multiply diameter by 3 and add 1/6 to it to get the circumfer- ence of a circular (plot). To find the area of a circular plot, multiply 1/4 of a diameter by the circumference (Paridhina)of the circular (plot). 198 - 199. After the purification of the land, once again the Vāstu is to be wor- shipped. Lord of the land (Kṣetrapāla), the lord of the corners, (Diśādhīśa), Gaṇeśa, Grahacaṇḍī, should be worshipped with offerings of Kṣīra, sweets, clarified butter(Ājya), various types of cooked food, flowers, incense and according to the rule of Śāstra.

• [Note :- These formulae were used to find out the measurement of plots of land, and the formula has been used by the architects of mediaeval days in western India.]

58 वास्तुमण्डनम् पूर्वाग्न्योरन्तरे पूजां कृत्वा पूर्वं न्यसेच्छिलाम्। शेषाः प्रदक्षिणाः स्थाप्याः शिलाधो रत्नपञ्चकम् ॥ २०० ॥ गर्गः ॥ ततः पुण्याहघोषेण शिलान्यासं प्रकारयेत्। ऐशानी२६४मादितः कृत्वा प्रादक्षिण्यक्रमेण २६५च ॥ २०१ ॥ अनेनैव विधानेन स्तम्भद्वाराधिरोहणम्। शिलान्यासस्तु रोहिण्यां श्रवणे हस्तपुष्ययोः ॥ २०२ ॥ मृगशीर्षं च रेवत्यामुत्तरात्रितये शुभः। गृहीतवास्तुमध्ये तु समं कृत्वा भुवःस्थलम् ॥ २०३ ॥ जलेन २६६दण्डमात्रेण साध्यं तच्चतुरस्रकम्। भित्तेर्मूले न्यसेद्द्रव्यं रत्न-रौप्य-सुवर्णकम् ॥ २०४ ॥ गृहे तत्र भवेल्लक्ष्मीर्द्रव्य२६७हीने दरिद्रता। लेपहीनाऽधिका भित्तिरशास्त्रा २६८पादवर्जिता ॥ २०५ ॥ समसन्धिः शिरोगुर्वी षड्दोषैर्धननाशनम्। भूमेर्धनाख्यसम्पत्तिं काष्ठादिद्रव्यनिश्चयम् ॥ २०६ ॥ सम्यग्विचिन्त्य हृदये प्रारभेत गृहादिकम् ॥ २०७ ॥ इति श्री सूत्रधारमण्डनविरचिते वास्तुशास्त्रे वास्तुमण्डने मिश्रकाध्यायः प्रथमः। श्लोकाः २०७॥ २६४. मादेतः in A २६५. तु in BCDE २६६. नंड in B, मंडमांड C.D,E writes note वंसल, वंशला, २६७. मूले in BCDE २६८. वादविवर्जिता in. A

Ch. I – Miśrakādhyāyaḥ 59 200. At first, there should be worshipping in between the East and South- East (Agnikoṇa) corners. Then the stone is to be laid and at the end the owner should go round the site and place five types of gems under the stone. Garga 201. Then, with the declaration of an auspicious day, the stone laying ceremony is to be done and one should start going round in a circle from the North-East (Īśa) corner according to order. 202-203. In the same manner, the pillars and doors are to be mounted. If the stone- laying ceremony(Śilānyāsa) is performed in Rohiṇī, Śravaṇā, Hastā, Puṣyā, Mṛgaśīrṣa, Revatī, and the three Uttarā¹² stars, it is auspicious. In that plot of land, the soil should be levelled. It should be done with the help of water and staff (Daṇḍa) and the plot should be made square. At the base of the foundation wall, one should keep gems, silver and gold which brings pros- perity to the house; otherwise poverty may result. Inadequate or excessive plastering, the foundation wall not made according to the formula of the Śāstra, a structure without any column, whose joints are one over the other in one line, whose upper part is heavy–these six types of defects reduce wealth. 204-207. One should start the construction of the house after carefully taking into account the land, and proportionate wealth, as well as materials like wood-etc. Thus ends the first chapter Miśrakādhyāya of Vāstumaṇḍana, written by Maṇḍana Sūtradhāra. There are 207 Ślokas. 12. Uttarāṣāḍha, Uttara Phalgunī, Uttarabhādrapadā

द्वितीयोऽध्यायः [ आयाधिकारः ] आयधिष्ण्यव्ययांशानां चन्द्रतारादिजं बलम् । ज्ञात्वा गृही गृहं कुर्यात्स्त्रीपुत्रादिधनाप्तये ॥ १ ॥ १भित्तिमध्ये गृहेष्वायः प्रासादे भित्तिबाह्यतः । सभासु मध्ये बाह्ये वा स्यान्मध्ये शयनासने ॥ २ ॥ नगरेऽथ पुरे ग्रामे दण्डै२र्मानं विधीयते । ३वास्तुदण्डमितं क्षेत्रं तत्रायो ४हस्तसंख्यया ॥ ३ ॥ दैर्घ्येन गुणिते व्यासे ध्वजाद्यायो हृतेऽष्टभिः । शेषो ५वास्तुवसात्सोऽपि ६योज्यो हस्ताङ्गुलैर्यवैः ॥ ४ ॥ ध्वजो धूमोऽथ सिंहश्च श्वानो वृषः खरो गजः । ध्वांक्ष आया अष्ट तेषां ७सृष्टा पूर्वादिषु स्थितिः ॥ ५ ॥ सर्वे नरकराः पक्षिचरणाः सिंहकन्धराः । स्वनामवदनाः ८धूमो मार्जारः ९पुरुष ध्वजः ॥ ६ ॥ १. E gives marginal note भीत्यन्तर्गृहे, २. माने - in D, E ३. वसु - in A ४. E gives marginal note - समक्षेत्रभूमिषु ५. वस्तु - in ABC ६. योगां in A याज्यो in BC ७. वै सृष्टा in A ८. धूम्रो - in D ९. पुरुषो धूनः in A

Chapter II [Āyādhikāraḥ] Now is described the command of Āya.

1. One should have proper knowledge about the place of Āya, Vyaya, and the power of lunar asterism; then the householder will build a house in order to obtain wife, children and wealth.
2. The Āya formula should be counted from the inner part of the foundation wall for a house; it should be counted from the outer part of the foundation wall for a palace. For a hall it is to be counted from inside, as well as from outside, and for beds and seats it should be counted from inside.
3. A city, town or village should be measured with the help of a Daṇḍa (rod). A plot of land would be measured with the Vāstudaṇḍa and the Āya will be counted by the number of hands.
4. The breadth, if multiplied by the length and divided by eight, is known as Dhvaja etc. The remainder will be according to the foundation of Vāstu and should be added by the hands, finger, Yava (1/8th part of an Aṅgula).
5. Dhvaja, Dhūma, Siṁha, Śvā, Vṛṣa, Khara, Gaja, Dhvāṁkṣa, — these are eight Āyas, their position starts from the eastern side of the construction. 6-7. All types of human hands, claws of the bird, necks of lions , faces according to their name. Dhūma, Mārjāra (Dhūma and cat are on the S.E corner) Puruṣa, Dhvaja (Eastern direction), very strong