वास्तु मण्डन (मण्डन सूत्रधार - गृह, राजप्रासाद, दुर्ग एवं नगर-वास्तु सटीक)

तृतीयोऽध्यायः [दुर्गादिलक्षणम्] बलिनाल्पबलेनापि दुर्गं कार्यं महीभुजा। रक्षणार्थं हि लोकानां तस्मात्पुण्यं महत्तरम्॥ १ ॥ जलदेव¹गृहारामतीर्थदानव्रतादिभिः। यत्पुण्यमाप्नुयाद्राजा दुर्गे दुर्गं करोति यः॥ २ ॥ अन्यवास्तुस्थितं भित्वा कुर्याद्दुर्गं दृढोन्नतम्। तत्राखिलानामाधारोऽन्यथा वित्तायुषोः क्षयः॥ ३॥ सिंहोऽपि सर्वसत्त्वानां बलवान् गिरिगह्वरे। स्थितिं कृत्वा जयत्याशु वैरिवर्गं सुदारुणम्॥ ४॥ गजानां तु सहस्रेण न च लक्षेण वाजिनाम्। यत्कृत्यं साध्यते राज्ञां दुर्गेणैकेन सिध्यति॥ ५ ॥ शतमेकोऽपि संधत्ते प्राकारस्थो धनुर्धरः। तस्माद्दुर्गं प्रशंसन्ति नीतिशास्त्रविचक्षणाः॥ ६॥ शिलादिभिस्तु प्राकारो विशालः प्रोन्नतो दृढः। शुद्धेष्टकाभिः कर्तव्यः परेषां दुर्गमो यथा॥ ७॥ प्राकारे कोष्ठका वृताः विद्याधर्यो युगास्रकाः। तन्मध्ये बाहिका बाह्ये कपिशीर्षैरलङ्कृताः॥ ८ ॥ दशार्कमनुहस्तैश्च विद्याधर्योऽपि कोष्ठकाः। तन्मध्ये बाहिका दैर्घ्ये ²त्रिगुणा कोष्ठतो भवेत्॥ ९॥ १. ग्रहा - In A २. त्रिकोणा - In B, C, D, E

Chapter III [Durgādilakṣaṇam] Now the characteristics of the forts are being described.

1. A king, whether he is powerful or weak , should construct a fort for the protection of his subjects and by this act he will attain great merit.
2. If a king builds the fort, he attains equal merit as is achieved by one who constructs water-reservoirs, temples, pleasure-gardens, holy spots bestows wealth and performs various Vratas .
3. Even after demolishing other residences, a fort¹ should be built high and strong, and after that all the people should be accommo- dated in that fort, otherwise there will be loss of wealth and life.
4. A lion is the strongest of all animals when he lives in his own mountain cave; likewise one can win over one's notorious en- emies easily (if he resides in a well constructed fort).
5. Thousands of elephants and Lakhs of horses cannot perform for a King what a fort alone can fulfill.
6. An archer standing on a rampart of a fort can fight with hundreds of people, so the experts in political science eulogize the utility of the fort.
7. The rampart (of a fort) should be huge, lofty and sturdy; it should be built of stone or pure bricks, so that it cannot be easily accessible by others .
8. The ramparts should be adorned with Koṣṭha, and on the four sides of the ramparts four chambers are to be constructed; therein idols of Vidyādharīs should be installed. Outside the cham- bers, Bāhikās ornamented with Kapiśīrṣas are to be built.
9. Koṣṭhas of the Vidyādharas will be 10, 12, or 14 hands in measure-ment. In between there will be Bāhikā which is thrice in height than the Koṣṭhaka.
10. After Chittor, Kumbhalgarh is the most famous fortress of Mewar. It is nearly inaccessible even today and can be approached only by a Jeepable road. It was built by Maharana Kumbha in 1448 on a rock plateau which was the site of an earlier ancient fortress.

82 वास्तुमण्डनम् तदूर्ध्वं कपिशीर्षाणि वसुमात्रान्तराणि च। दैर्घ्ये सार्धं द्विहस्तानि पिण्डे हस्तमितानि च॥ १०॥ कन्यसं नगरं राज्ञां हस्तैर्वेद सहस्रकैः। मध्यमं द्विगुणं तस्मान्मध्याद्द्विगुणमुत्तमम्॥ ११॥ तुल्यं ३वाष्टांश पादांश सार्धार्शैदैर्घ्यतोऽधिकम्। चतुर्विधं भवेदेकं सर्वाणि द्वादशैव हि॥ १२॥ षट्त्रिंशत्प्रथमे दुर्गे देवस्थानानि चत्वरे। षण्णां वृद्ध्या क्रमेणैव द्वादशैर्द्धयधिकं शतम्॥ १३॥ मध्ये राजगृहं कार्यं वामदक्षिणतोऽग्रतः। चत्वराः शोभिता हट्टैः पृष्ठभागे जलाशयाः॥ १४॥ फलानि नानाविधदेशजानि क्रयाणकानीह विचित्रकाणि। ताम्बुलपुष्पाम्बरमौक्तिकादि राज्ञो गृहाग्रेऽथ सुरस्य कुर्यात्॥ १५॥ पुरं प्रतोलीखटकीकपाटैर्दृढं विधेयं धनधान्यपूर्णम्। संग्रामयन्त्रैर्विविधैर्भटैश्च सुरक्षकैः सर्वसमृद्धियुक्तम्॥ १६॥ व्यासायामे कनिष्ठं तु नगरं वसुभिर्भजेत्। मध्यमं सूर्यभागैस्तु षोडशांशैस्तथोत्तमम्॥ १७॥ रेखासु ते प्रतिदिशं मार्गास्तत्र नवावरे। त्रयोदश पुरे मध्ये ज्येष्ठे सप्तदशै ४वहिः॥ १८॥ हट्टमार्गस्त्रिधा प्रोक्तो विंशत्यर्ककलाकरैः। हीनाधिकस्तु कर्तव्यो भूमिभागविशेषतः॥ १९॥ ३. चा - In A ४. चहि - In A

Ch. III – Durgādilakṣaṇam 83 10. Two Kapiśīrṣas² will be on the top, and there will be a gap of eight hands (in between the Kapiśīrṣas !). The height will be 21/ hands and the diameter will be one hand. 11. The smallest city of a king will be 1000 hands in measurement, the medium one will be double in size and the best one will be double the size of Madhyama. 12. The breadth will be respectively equal to ¹/₈ᵗʰ , ¹/₄ᵗʰ or ¹/₂ of the length . Each of the above mentioned cities will have four varieties, and therefore there will be altogether 12 types of cities. 13. In the first type of fort 36 Pādas will be marked for temples and courtyards, and this figure will be gradually increased by 12. In the way the number will go up to 102 pādas. 14. The king's palace will be in the centre and on the left, right and front sides there will be courtyards annexed with market places. The water reser- voir will be at the back side. 15. Varieties of fruits from different places, different types of sellable items, betel nuts, flowers, garments, pearls, etc should be displayed in the front side of the palace of the King as well as of the temple. 16. The city will be strengthened with Pratolī , Khaṭakī, Kapāṭa and it will be full of grains and wealth. The place will be well protected with different types of war equipments, well protected warriors; thus the city will be associated with all prosperity. 17. The city which is smallest in length and breadth will be divided by 8, the medium one by 12, and the best one by 16. 18. Along the measure of lines, roads will be drawn on all directions, 9 for the smallest one, 13 for the medium and 17 for the largest type of city from outside. 19. The market roads will be of three types. They are in number 20, 12 or 16. According to the availability of space, they may be more or less in number. 2. These parapets were decorated with the battlements like the Kapiśīrṣakas-Kaṅgooras. Their height should be of one hasta. Another element of beautification and defence was Kāṇḍavāriṇī, the chāldivāri.” Vāstuśāstra Part I, Pg 289.

84 वास्तुमण्डनम् दुर्गे भूमिवशात्कार्या हट्टमार्गजलाशयाः । सर्वत्र राज्ञ आदेशात्प्रासादभवनादिकम् ॥ २० ॥ कोष्ठे विद्याधरी बाह्या ५द्विहस्तान्यधिकोदयौ । गूढं युद्धासनं कोष्ठे तस्यां वा कारयेत्सुधीः ॥ २१ ॥ गढमध्ये चतुर्दिक्षु मार्गं कुर्यात्प्रदक्षिणम् । तत्र दुर्गे भवेद्रक्षा गजवाजिपदातिभिः ॥ २२ ॥ तन्मार्गान्मध्यदेशे तु गृहाणि विनिवेशयेत् । दृढानि पुरगोतृणां परेषां द्वेषिणामपि ॥ २३ ॥ ब्राह्मणान्वासयेत्प्राच्यां क्षत्रं याम्योत्तरे विशः । वापीकूपादिवारुण्यामुत्तरस्यां तु शूद्रकान् ॥ २४ ॥ शिल्पिरङ्गकरानीशे वह्नौ तज्जीविनोऽन्त्यजान् । नैर्ऋत्ये शौण्डिकान् वेश्यां वायव्ये लुब्धकादिकान् ॥ २५ ॥ वराहः ॥ कोणेषु वसतां दोषाः पुरग्रामगृहादिषु । तेष्वेव वृद्धिमायाति अन्त्यजाः श्वपचादयः ॥ २६ ॥ ईशकोणे न्यसेत्सूर्यं वह्निकोणे गणाधिपम् । नैर्ऋत्ये च सहस्राक्षं वायव्यां तु जनार्दनम् ॥ २७ ॥ पूर्वापरमुखादेवा कार्या न दक्षिणोत्तराः । नगराभिमुखा श्रेष्ठा भङ्गदास्ते पराङ्मुखाः ॥ २८ ॥ गणेशो भैरवश्चण्डी नकुलीशो ग्रहस्तथा । मातरोमूर्त्तयो देव्याः शुभा दक्षिणदिङ्मुखाः ॥ २९ ॥ हनुमान्वानरः श्रेष्ठो नैर्ऋत्यादिमुखो भवेत् । गणेशो धनदो लक्ष्मीः पुरद्वारे सुखावहाः ॥ ३० ॥ ५. हस्ताल्य - In A, हस्ताम्य - In D E

Ch. III – Durgādilakṣaṇam 85 20. In a fort, according to the availability of land and with the permis- sion of the king, market roads, water reservoirs, palaces, and houses, will be built. 21. The chamber of Vidyādharīs will be constructed outside and its height will be more than two hands. In that chamber, hidden seats for the warriors should be made by the expert architect. 22.Inside, circling the fort, there should be provision for streets on all four sides. In this way, the fort will be protected by el- ephants, horses, and warriors. 23. The houses are to be built in between two roads. Strong houses are to be built for cows and other people who are opposed to the enemies of the king. 24. Brahmins will reside in the Eastern (Prācyām) direction, Kṣatriyas in the South (Yāmya), Vaiśyas in the North. Water-tanks, wells, will be in the west and Śūdras will reside in the North. 25. Artists, actors will settle in the North-East (Īśa), those who survive based on such other professions and untouchables at the South- East (Vahni) corner, wine sellers and prostitutes towards the South- West (Nairṛtya) and the hunters (Lubdhakas) should be settled at the North-West (Vāyu) direction. Varāha. 26. In a city village or house it is inauspicious if someone resides in a corner plot, but the same will be prosperous for untouchables and Caṇḍālas. 27. The Sun God will be placed in the Īśa corner, Gaṇādhipa in the Vahni corner, Sahasrākṣa (Indra) in the Nairtya and Janārdana will be placed in the Vāyu corner. 28. The God should face either towards East or West, never towards South or North. It is best if they face towards the city other-wise the deities will break. 29. The temples of Gaṇeśa, Bhairava, Caṇḍī, Nakula as well as other planets, and mother goddess are regarded as auspicious if they face towards the South. 30. The apes (Hanumān), monkeys are best if their faces are towards the South-West (Nairṛtya) corner. Gaṇeśa, Dhanada (Kubera) and Lakṣmī bring hap-piness if placed on the palace gate.

86 वास्तुमण्डनम् वृत्तं वृत्तायताष्टास्रे अष्टपत्रं यवाकृतिः । स्वस्तिकं पुरुषाकारं दुर्गमित्यादौ सौख्यदम् ॥ ३१ ॥ एक द्वि शकटाकारं त्रिकोणं रसकोणकम्। वज्रत्रिशूलभुजगाकारं कर्णाधिकं त्यजेत् ॥ ३२ ॥ नगरं शोभितं कार्यं हट्टप्राकारगोपुरैः । प्रसादभवनोद्यानकीर्तिस्तम्भजलाशयैः ॥ ३३ ॥ पुरार्धेन भवेद्ग्रामो ग्रामार्धेन तु खेटकम्। खेटकार्धेन कूटं स्यात्कूटार्धेन तु कर्वटम् ॥ ३४ ॥ पुरे ग्रामे क्रमान्मार्गाः खेटे कूटे च कर्वटे । कार्या सप्तदशाङ्केषु त्रिद्विसंख्या दिशं प्रति ॥ ३५ ॥ इति दुर्गनगरादिलक्षणम् ॥ दुर्गाणां रक्षणार्थाय यन्त्राः कार्या यथाविधिः । भवन्ति जयदा राज्ञां मद्य^६मांसादिपूजिताः ॥ ३६ ॥ देवास

Ch. III – Durgādilakṣaṇam 87 31. The fort brings happiness if its shape is circle, oval, eight cor- nered, eight sided, and shape of a barley, Svastika or Puruṣa. 32. One or two may be of the shape of a cart and a fort may have three or six corners in the shape of Vajra, trident or serpent; ex- cess corners should be discarded. 33. The city should be decorated with markets, ramparts, Gopuras, pal- aces, houses, gardens, pillars of fame and water reservoirs. 34. A village will be half of a city, a Kheṭaka will be half of a village, a Kūṭa will be half of a Kheṭaka, and a Karvaṭa will be half of a Kūṭa. 35. In a city, village, Kheṭaka, Kūṭa, or Karvaṭa the roads should be serially constructed. Among the 17 number of roads there will be three or two roads in each direction. These are the characteristics of a fort and a city-etc. 36. For the protection of a fort, machines should be manufactured in the prescribed method. The king will be victorious if he worships those with offerings of wine and meat. 37. While the war was going on between the Gods and demons, the powerful demons overpowered the Gods. At that time, Lord Śiva narrated the method of making weapons to Viśvakarmā. 38. Those weapons were of different types and made of stone, which were devoid of blood stains. (After their use) the demons were unable to get up and the Gods became winners . 39. Among eighty four types of machineries, nine are meant for using in the air, nine are for water. Firearms are of six types and war machines are of sixty varieties. 40. The weapon, which has an eight cubit long rod, is known as Bhairava, while Candrasampatti is known to have nine cubits and Ādibhairava is with ten cubit long rods.

88 वास्तुमण्डनम् यस्य रुद्रकरैर्यष्टी गजभीमः स उच्यते। अर्कहस्तायता यस्य स यन्त्रो युग्मभैरवः ॥ ४१ ॥ त्रयोदशकरैर्वह्निर्यमदण्डश्चतुर्दश । तिथिहस्तो महारौद्र इत्यष्टौ भैरवा मताः ॥ ४२ ॥ मर्कटी भैरवाख्यस्य त्रिकरा मध्यतः शुभाः। द्वात्रिंशदङ्गुलां यष्टीं तस्या पृष्ठे तु कारयेत् ॥ ४३ ॥ पिण्डे षडङ्गुला यष्टी पृष्ठे व्यासे कलाङ्गुलाः । अग्रे वेदाङ्गुला ‘पृष्ठे कर्तव्या दृढकाष्ठजाः ॥ ४४ ॥ पृष्ठे छिद्रं तु यष्ट्याश्च मध्याद्भेदाङ्गुलं भवेत्। मर्कटी सुदृढा पिण्डे कर्त्तव्याऽष्टाङ्गुला समा ॥ ४५ ॥ लोहेन चर्मणा यष्टीं मर्कटीं कारयेद्दृढाम्। अग्राङ्गुली ‘प्रकर्त्तव्येत्वष्टमात्रे सुलोहजे ॥ ४६ ॥ गोः फणा वसुहस्ता च दैर्घ्ये सूत्रदुकूलजाः । फणा कलाङ्गुला व्यासे दैर्घ्य तद्विगुणा मताः ॥ ४७ ॥ नखाङ्गुला वा कर्तव्यो बाहुपाषाणवाहने । पञ्जरं त्रिकरं दैर्घ्ये वेदाङ्गुलिसमन्वितम् ॥ ४८ ॥ मर्कट्यङ्गे द्विहस्तं च पृथुत्वे(ऽ)ब्धिषडङ्गुलम् । द्वौ स्तम्भौ पञ्जरस्यापि कुलिन्दाख्यौ प्रकीर्त्तितौ ॥ ४९ ॥ मूर्ध्नि छिद्रे तयोर्यष्ट्याः पृष्ठछिद्रे इषु क्षिपेत्। दृढां धातुमयीं कीलां पञ्जरस्यावलम्बने ॥ ५० ॥ पञ्जरं पूरयेद्धातुपाषाणैर्यन्त्रवाहने । सुदृढं कीलकै पट्टी चर्मभिः कारयेदिदम् ॥ ५१ ॥ ८. पिंडे - In A ९. कर्तव्या अष्ट - In A

Ch. III - Durgādilakṣaṇam 89 41. That rod which is eleven cubits long, is known as Gajabhīma, (while) Yugmabhairava has twelve cubits long rods. 42. Vahni is known to have thirteen cubit long rods and Yamadaṇḍa has fourteen cubits. Mahāraudra has 15 cubits long rods and these eight fall into the Bhairava category. 43. Markaṭī falls into the Bhairava category and it is auspicious if its middle part is three hands in length; at its back, a rod measuring 32 fingers in length is to be fixed. 44. A sixth Aṅgula rod should be fixed on the back side of the Piṇḍa(base) and the width of the rod will be two Aṅgulas (Kalāṅgulas). The front part of the base(Piṇḍa) will be four Aṅgulas and the back part should be made of strong wood. 45. The hole at the back of the rod will be measured at a distance of four Aṅgulas, Markaṭī should be firm at the base(Piṇḍa) and it should be equal to eight Aṅgulas. 46. Both the rod and the lever (Markaṭī) should be made strong with iron or leather belts. The front part should be made of iron and measure eight Aṅgulas. 47. A bandage used as a catapult (Gophaṇā) will be eight hands in length and the material will be made of silk thread. The cap will be two Aṅgulas in breadth and double the size in length. 48. The iron cage (Pañjara) will be three hands and four Aṅgulas in length (or fourfold), and it may be fitted with hands and claws for bringing stones. 49. The Markaṭī will be two hands in diameter and its breadth will be thirteen Aṅgulas. The two pillars of the Pañjara will be known as Kulinda. 50. There will be a hole on the top of those two rods/and on the back-side also, through which arrows are to be shot. Strong metal nails will support this Pañjara (cage). 51. The Pañjara should be filled up with stones, metals, and it should be made strong with the help of nails and leather covers.

90 वास्तुमण्डनम् स्तम्भास्तु षट्करा १०व्यासे दैर्घ्ये मूर्ध्नि त्रिहस्तकाः । ऊर्ध्वे द्विभागौ त्र्यंशोऽधस्तत्रोत्पलनिवेशनम् ॥ ५२ ॥ ऊर्ध्ववेल्लनिका तेन समापिण्डे युगाङ्गुलाः । दशाङ्गुलान्तरे चान्या कर्त्तव्या चक्रवेल्लनी ॥ ५३ ॥ चक्रवेल्लनिकामध्यादशीत्यङ्गुलनिर्गमा । चक्रमानं द्विहस्ता तु पादोन त्रिकरावधिः ॥ ५४ ॥ ऊर्ध्ववेल्लनिकाधस्तात्प्रान्ते लोहस्य कीलिका । दक्षे कलाया रक्षार्थं ततो बन्धविमोक्षणम् ॥ ५५ ॥ ज्योतिका रक्षकं मध्ये कारयेत्कीलकं पुनः । पार्श्वयोर्ध्ववेल्लन्यां तनिकाकर्षणाय च ॥ ५६ ॥ विनाभ्यासेन सर्वेषां केवलं निष्फलः श्रमः । तस्मादभ्यसतो लक्ष्यादखिलं प्राप्यते गुरोः ॥ ५७ ॥ वाहयेत्प्रथमं शून्यं द्वितीये निक्षिपेद्बलिम् । तृतीये माहिषं मुण्डं चतुर्थे गोलकं क्षिपेत् ॥ ५८ ॥ तत्र भैरवभैरव्योः पूजा कार्या सदा नृपैः । रक्तादिपुष्पैर्नैवेद्यैर्मद्यमांसै११र्जयार्थिभिः ॥ ५९ ॥ १२दैर्घ्ये मन्वङ्गुलं प्रोक्तं व्यासायामे षडङ्गुलम् । यन्त्रैर्हस्तमिते कैश्चित् कार्यं युक्त्या सुपञ्जरम् ॥

Ch. III – Durgādilakṣaṇam 91 52. The width of the pillars will be six hands and its length from the top part will be three hands in measurement. The upper part consists of two sections and the third section known as the lower part will contain sharp, flat, iron blades. 53. The upper disc will be equal in measurement to the third part and the base (Piṇḍa) will be four Aṅgulas. Another round disc should be fixed at the distance of ten Aṅgulas. 54. From the center of the round disc, the exit will be measured at a distance of eighty Aṅgulas. The measurement of the Cakra will be from two hands to 2 ³/₄ ᵗʰ hands (minimized by one Pada up to three hands). 55. An iron nail will be fixed on the corner of the lower part of the upper disc. The right hand part is to be reserved for mechanical contrivance and its subsequent discharge. 56. One nail should be fixed for the fire-container inside and again for the pulling of the thread connecting the large side wheel. 57. Without practice, the effort of everybody will be fruitless. There- fore one should practise constantly under the instructor to attain success. 58. At first the target is in the air, in the second chance towards the Bali, in the third to the bulls-head and in the fourth the throw will be an iron ball. 59. So, a King will always worship Bhairava and Bhairavī with red coloured and other flowers, devotional gifts (Naivedya), wine, meat, prayers etc. 60. A well built Pañjara should be made after discussion; its length will be of fourteen Aṅgulas, breadth and diameter will be of six Aṅgulas, but, according to some, the arms will be measured with hands. 61-62. The columns should be made five in number in the revolving machine. The actual length of the disc will be fifteen Aṅgulas, if measured by Hasta. Its measurement will be as outlined before, the only difference being by columns. Among the people what is known as Dhiṅkulī, is the same as Gourīyantra.

92 वास्तुमण्डनम् एकस्तम्भेन मर्कट्या सर्वतोऽपि भ्रमत्ययम्। यष्ट्यर्धे पक्षके तस्य दैर्घ्ये व्यासे त्रिभागतः ॥ ६३ ॥ पक्षयोश्च युगांशेन यष्ट्यासन्नात्र मर्कटी। पाषाणं बन्धयेत्पृष्ठे भारः सर्वत्र कारणम् ॥ ६४ ॥ विधेयौ पक्षकौ स्तम्भे वेल्लन्या भ्रमणार्थकौ। मर्कट्या यावती दैर्घ्ये ढिंकुली तावताधरः ॥ ६५ ॥ धरा दैर्घ्ये त्रिभागेन वेल्लनी पक्षकौ न्यसेत्। उत्तमोऽनेकयन्त्रेषु गौरीयन्त्रः प्रकीर्तितः ॥ ६६ ॥ सर्वतो १३भ्रमणात्तेन सुखोपायेन सिद्धितः। यन्त्रवाहाय सत्कृत्य दातव्यं नरनायकैः ॥ ६७ ॥ काञ्चनाभरणाक्षौमं ग्रामसद्वाहवाहनम् ॥ ६८ ॥ इति संग्रामयन्त्रलक्षणम् ॥ अग्नियन्त्रेषु नलेष्टाकाष्ठभ्लेश्ममोक्षणे। सा तु रीतिमयी

Ch. III – Durgādilakṣaṇam 93 63. This machine moves all round by one pillar of the Markaṭī. (In a Markaṭī one column is moving it everywhere .) The wings will be on the half part of the rod and the length and breadth will be 1/ 3rd each. 64. The Markaṭī will be placed neither on the 1/4th part of the wings, nor near the rod. A boulder should be hung at the back for a uniform distribution of the pressure. 65-66. Two wings are to be set up on the pillar for moving the discs. The height of the Markaṭī will be similar to the scale of the Dhiṅkulī. The length of the scale will be divided into three segments. The disc and the two wings are to be placed therein. Among various arms of superior quality, Gaurīyantra is one such. 67-68. It can easily move everywhere, and it is conducive to easily avail- able comforts. The carriers of the machines are to be rewarded with gold ornaments, silks, villages and excellent vehicles for jour- neys, by the leader of the people. Thus ends the definition of war machinery. 69. Among the fire arms (Agniyantra) the tubular weapon is used to throw bricks, wood, spears and stones. It is made of either brass or bell metal and there is a cardinal point by which one can easily aim at the target. 70. It should be strong, made of iron, close knitted and ornamented with a serpent belt (Kaṭaka). It will be like the Dhattūra flower, but the length will be three to six times. 71. The front part will be twice the base, the base part is half or little more. Sometimes on the back a cover will be made like the whirls of a conch. 72. Some mark a small hole there for ignition. According to the size of the tube, medicament is to be inserted. 73. A piece of wood according to the size of the tube is to be placed in front of the medicament. Then, in the mouth of the tube, iron or wooden balls are to be put inside.

94 वास्तुमण्डनम् पृष्ठछिद्रेऽग्निसंयोगाद्गोलाद्यं याति दूरतः । पुरप्राकारगेहादि ग्रामारामविमर्दनम् ॥ ७४ ॥ रिपूणां ते प्रकुर्वन्ति सैन्ये त्रासं च दारुणम् । राज्ञा जयकरा एते वह्नियन्त्रा अनेकशः ॥ ७५ ॥ विबुधैर्विहिताः पूज्याः पक्वान्नमदिरामिषैः । हव्यवाहनलीवांशी चर्मनद्धाद्विमुष्टिकाः ॥ ७६ ॥ दैर्घ्यं कार्यार्धदैर्घ्यस्य चतुर्थांशेन विस्तरा । ईषदार्द्रेण सूक्ष्मेण पूरयेदौषधेन ताम् ॥ ७७ ॥ कुट्टयित्वा मुहुस्तस्यारिक्तमेकांगुलं मुखम् । औषधार्धेन पृष्ठे स्याद्रन्ध्रं वह्नेर्यवप्रभम् ॥ ७८ ॥ एकद्वित्र्यङ्गुलैकं बां [वांशं ?]सरलामत्र तोलयेत् । सूर्योरुबुकसिंहस्य निर्वाणाङ्गारचूर्णकम् ॥ ७९ ॥ अग्रियन्त्रौषधार्थं तु गृहीतव्यं यथोदितम् । पञ्चषट्सप्तचाष्टौ वा भागाश्चेति शिलाजतः ॥ ८० ॥ गन्धस्यैकक्रमाच्चूर्णं सार्धं सार्धद्वियुग्मकम् । तद्भेषजस्य मार्गोऽयं भेदा अन्येऽप्यनेकशः ॥ ८१ ॥ वह्निसंयोगतस्तेषां दृश्यते बहुधा गतिः । गैरेयं द्विगुणं गन्धात्कुर्यात्तोयेन गोलिकाम् ॥ ८२ ॥ हव्यवाहा मुखे तारा वैरिणां पुरदाहकाः ॥ ८३ ॥ इति अग्रियन्त्रलक्षणम् ॥

Ch. III – Durgādilakṣaṇam 95 74. With ignition at the back, the ball goes far and it destroys city gates houses, villages and pleasure gardens. 75. These fire arms create panic among the enemy's soldiers and these mostly bring victory for the Kings in many ways. 76-77. The weapon is to be worshipped with cooked rice, wine and meat. That part of the fire tube which is covered with skin, will measure eight Aṅgulas (Dvimuṣṭikā). The length will be for consideration of utility and the breadth will be 1/4th of the 1/2 of the height. That tube is to be filled up with slightly moistened minerals. 78. The minerals have to be repeatedly ground and the front part measuring one Aṅgula will be filled up and the residual ground minerals are to be poured into the small hole, measuring one Yava, at the back for ignition. 79. One should measure one, two, three Aṅgulas of the Sūrya (Arka (tree), the front part of the Siṁha (Olibanum tree), Rubuka (Castor oil) and burnt coal dust. 80. In addition to the minerals earlier prescribed for fire arms, five, six, seven or eight parts of bitumen are to be used. 81. One part of the sulphur (Gandhaka) is to be taken in proportion of half, half and a pair of two. This is the procedure of taking the minerals and there are innumerable other varieties. 82. After ignition, different directions of fire are marked. The balls are to be made with bitumen, with twice the amount of sulphur mixed with water. 83. From the mouth of the tube, the fire emits like stars and it will burn the city of the enemies. Here ends the description of the fire arms.

96 वास्तुमण्डनम् अथ जलाशयाः ॥ युधिष्ठिरं प्रति श्रीकृष्णवाक्यम् ॥ वरं वर्षशतेनापि कृतैकाविहरी वने । नासञ्चिता गृहे कोटीक्षणध्वंसि धनस्य हि ॥ ८४ ॥ सर्वस्वेनापि कौन्तेय भूमिस्थमुदकं कुरु । कुलानि तारयेत्सप्त यत्र गौर्विटृषी भवेत् ॥ ८५ ॥ नन्दाभद्राजयावापी विजया च क्रमाद्युताः । त्रिषठनवार्ककूटैः स्युरेकद्वित्रिचतुर्मुखैः ॥ ८६ ॥ कूपाः स्युर्वेदहस्तादि दशहस्तान्तविस्तराः । श्रीमुखो विजयः प्रान्तो दुन्दुभिश्च १४मनोहरः ॥ ८७ ॥ चूडामणिश्च दिग्भद्रो जयो नन्दनशङ्करौः । कुण्डं युगास्रं भद्रं स्यात्सुभद्रं भद्रसंयुक्तम् ॥ ८८ ॥ प्रतिभद्रैर्युतं नन्दं परिघं मध्यभिट्टवत् । शतान्तमष्टहस्तादि चतुर्द्वाराणि कारयेत् ॥ ८९ ॥ मध्यभिट्टे च शालासु देवार्चास्तत्र विन्यसेत् । सरोनामार्धचन्द्राभं वृत्ताकारं महासरः । चतुरस्रं तु भद्रं स्यात्सुभद्रं भद्रसंयुक्तम् ।।९० ।। अथ उद्यानम् ॥ आरामकारकोनाके वसेदिन्द्रायुतत्रयम् ॥ ९१ ॥ शूराणां पूजनं भोगः प्रीणनं प्राणिनां ततः । पुरादिमध्ये बाह्ये वा कुर्यादुद्यानमुत्तमम् ॥ ९२ ॥ १४. नमोहरः - In D

Ch. III – Durgādilakṣaṇam 97 Now the reservoirs: It is Śrīkṛṣṇa's advice to Yudhiṣṭhira :- 84. It is better to roam around the forests for a hundred years than to reserve money in the house, for wealth may be destroyed within a moment. 85. So, O Kaunteya– even if you have to give all your money, dig one water reservoir in the land. If the cows are made free of thirst then your seventh generation will be relieved from worldly sufferings. 86. The water reservoirs named as Nandā³, Bhadrā, Jayā and Vijayā will be serially connected with three, six, nine, and twelve projections with one, two, three, and four entrances. 87-89a. Dimensions of the Kūpas⁴ will start from four hands up to ten hands. They are of manifold varieties known as - Śrīmukha, Vijayā, Prānta, Dundubhi, Manohara. Cūḍāmaṇi, Digbhadra, Jaya, Nandana and Śaṅkara. The Kuṇḍas will be square in shape and their variet- ies will be Bhadra, Subhadra which is an addition to Bhadrā, Nandā, which is attached to Pratibhadra and Parigha which is similar to Madhyabhiṭṭa. 89b-90a. In breadth, a Kuṇḍa will be from eight hands to 100 hands and it will be accompanied by four entrances. In the Madhyabhiṭṭa as well as in Śālā, an image of God should be installed. Sara resembles the half crescent of the Moon while Mahāsara is round in shape. Bhadra is a square one, while Subhadra is joined together with Bhadra. Now the garden: 90b-92. He, who lays out a pleasure garden, resides in the heaven for 420,000 years. There he does worship of the gods, has enjoy- ment and by pleasing the creating beings. The best type of garden is to be created either inside or outside the city.

3. Nandā - Ekavaktra and Trikūṭa Bhadrā - Dvivaktra and Ṣaṭkūṭa Jayā - Trivakra and Navakūṭa Vijaya - Caturvaktra and Dvādaśakūta L.K. Shukla - P. 53
4. Here we find a Kūpa will be from 4 hands to 10 hands in dimension but in L.K. Shukla's book which mainly deals with Samarāṅgaṇa Sūtradhāra, reference of a Kūpa measuring 13 hands is also available.

98 वास्तुमण्डनम् गृहस्य वामे दक्षे वा एकद्वित्रिधनुःशतैः। नानाद्रुमलतोपेतं क्रीडास्थानशतैर्वृतम् ॥ ९३ ॥ तोयाशयः घटीयन्त्रधारागृहविराजितम् ॥ ९४ ॥ इति श्रीसूत्रधारमण्डनविरचिते वास्तुशास्त्रे पुरदुर्गजलाशयलक्षणाध्यायस्तृतीयः।

Ch. III – Durgādilakṣaṇam 99 93-94. It will be either on the right side or left side of the house, and its measurement will be one, two or three hundred Dhanus⁵. It is adorned with varieties of trees, creepers, hundreds of playgrounds, water-reservoirs, water-buckets, and bathrooms with showers. Thus ends the third chapter of Vāstumaṇḍana, the book of architectures written by Śrī Sūtradhāra Maṇḍana. It describes the fort machineries and water reservoirs. There are 94 Ślokas. 5. F.N. चतुर्हस्तैर्धनुर्दण्डः 4 hands = 1 Dhanu - 1 hand approximately 18 inches - 4 x 18 = 72 inches Dhanu 72 x 100 = 7200 inches = 60 ft.