वास्तु मण्डन (मण्डन सूत्रधार - गृह, राजप्रासाद, दुर्ग एवं नगर-वास्तु सटीक)

70 वास्तुमण्डनम् आयतुल्यं पिशाचः स्यादायाधिकस्तु राक्षसः । ²³चिन्तात्मको व्ययः प्राज्ञैरष्टस्वायेषु वर्जितः ॥ ४३ ॥ शान्तोऽथ पौरः प्रद्योतः श्रियानन्दो मनोहरः । श्रीवत्सो विभवश्चैव ²⁴चिन्तात्मको व्ययाष्टकम् ॥ ४४ ॥ ध्वजे शान्तः शुभो गेहे नित्यं कल्याणकारकः । भोगपूजाबलिर्नृत्यगीतवाद्यं सुरालये ॥ ४५ ॥ इति ²⁵व्ययाः ॥ मूले व्ययान्विते वेश्म नामाक्षरविमिश्रिते । त्रिभिर्भक्ते भवेदंश शेष इन्द्रो यमो नृपः ॥ ४६ ॥ प्रासादप्रतिमालिङ्गे वेद्यामिन्द्रो ध्वजो हितः । सर्वत्र शोभनो राजा पुरराजगृहादिषु ॥ ४७ ॥ यमो मातृगणेशादि मद्यमांसादिविक्रये । भैरवे क्रूरदेवे च हितो मृत्युकरो गृहे ॥ ४८ ॥ इत्यंशकाः ॥ ²⁶गणयेत्स्वामिनक्षत्रात् यावदृक्षं गृहस्य च । नवभिस्तु हरेद्भागं शेषा तारा प्रकीर्तिताः ॥ ४९ ॥ शान्ता मनोहरा क्रूरा विजया कलहावहा । पद्मिनी राक्षसी वीरा आनन्दा नवमी स्मृताः ॥ ५० ॥ तृतीया विपदं कुर्यात्पञ्चमी तेजसः क्षयम् । सप्तमी धननाशं च तेन तारात्रयं त्यजेत् ॥ ५१ ॥ इति तारा ॥ २३. चित्रा - in B २४. चिन्तात्मेति - in B, C, D, E २५. क्षेत्रफलम् in E २६. Similar verses in Aparājitā pṛchhā ch 66 v 32-33

Ch. II – Āyādhikāraḥ 71 43. If Āya and Vyaya are the same it is known as Piśāca and if it (Vyaya) is more than Āya it is known as Rākṣasa. The variety of Vyaya designated as Cintātmaka is to be discarded among eight types of āya. 44. The eight types of Vyaya are Śānta, Paura, Pradyota, Śriyānanda, Manohara, Śrīvatsa, Vibhava and Chintātmaka. 45. Śānta in Dhvaja is always beneficial in a house. There will be enjoy- ment prayer oblation, dance, song and instrumental music if the same com- bination happens to be in a temple. Thus ends the Vyaya. 46. In the source connected to Vyaya, an addition is to be done with the letters of the name of the house. They are to be divided by three, and known as Aṁśa. The remainder is Indra, Yama and Nṛpa. 47. Indra and Dhvaja are auspicious for a palace, idol and phallus. Rāja is always good for a city and a royal palace. 48. Yama brings in death for a house but is auspicious for Mother (Tantra) Gaṇeśa, and others selling wine and meat, Bhairava and other cruel Devas. Thus ends the Aṁśaka. 49. From the star of the owner, count the number of the presiding star of the house, then divide it by nine, the remainder is called Tārā. 50. Śāntā, Manoharā, Krūrā, Vijayā, Kalahāvahā, Padminī, Rākṣasī, Vīrā, Ānandā - these are the nine varieties . 51. The third one causes danger while fifth one reduces strength, the seventh one causes loss of wealth, so these three stars should be discarded. Thus ends Tārā .

72 वास्तुमण्डनम् ईशानात्कृत्तिकादीनि सस सस प्रदक्षिणे । धिष्ण्यानि यत्र गेहर्क्षं ज्ञेयस्तत्रैव चन्द्रमाः ॥ ५२ ॥ अग्रतः स हरेदायुः पृष्ठतस्तु धनं हरेत् । वामदक्षिणतश्चन्द्रो धनधान्यकरो गृहे ॥ ५३ ॥ इति चन्द्रः ॥ प्रीतिस्तु षड्विधाः तासामुत्तमा समसप्तमी । तृतीयैकादशी वृद्धयै पुष्यै दशचतुर्थिका ॥ ५४ ॥ २७षड्वाष्टकम् त्रिकोणञ्च गृहं द्विद्वादशं त्यजेत् । मरणं कलहो हानिस्तस्मात्प्रीतित्रयं त्यजेत् ॥ ५५ ॥ राशेर्मैत्री हरेद्वैरं २८ग्रहजं ग्रहजा पुनः । मैत्री राशेर्विरुद्धत्वं नाडिवेधं त्यजेत्सदा ॥ ५६ ॥ विप्र-क्षत्रिय-विट्शूद्रा मीनाद्या राशयः क्रमात् । स्वामिनोऽधिकवर्णं हि गृहं सौख्यकरं न हि ॥ ५७ ॥ ब्राह्मणे सकला राज्ञि प्रशस्ता २९नवराशयः । षट् वैश्येऽथ त्रयः शूद्रे स्वामिराशेः क्रमोऽप्ययम् ॥ ५८ ॥ गृहस्थः गृहयोः स्वामिवैरं मैत्रीं विलोकयेत् । दुष्टे प्रीतिर्विलोकया सा सुप्रीतौ तां न चिन्तयेत् ॥ ५९ ॥ षष्ठिघ्नं भवनस्य र्क्षं पञ्चत्रितनुभिर्भजेत् । शेषे मेषादिको राशिः प्रोक्तः कैश्चिन्नवांशके (कैः ?) ॥ ६० ॥ अश्विन्याद्यं त्रिकं मेषे सिंहे ज्ञेयम् मघात्रयम् । मूलादित्रितयं चाये शेषाणि नवराशिषु ॥ ६१ ॥ इति राशिमैत्री ॥ २७. षट्का In B, D, E षद्वा In C २८. गृहजं In A २९. E gives note - ५ । ६ । ७ । ९ । १० । १२ । २ । ३ । ६ । २ । १० । ७ । ९ । ३ । ३ । ७ । १२

Ch. II – Āyādhikāraḥ 73 52-53. From the North-East corner Krittikā and the other seven stars circu- mambulate seven houses; the part of the house where it settles is known as the house of the Moon. If placed in front, it causes loss of longevity, if placed at the back it causes loss of wealth. For a house, if placed on the left or right side, it increases wealth and prosperity. Thus ends Candra. 54. Prītiyoga is of six types. Among them the best one is Samasaptamī. Tṛtīyā and Ekādasī are known by Vṛddhā and Daśamī, Caturthī as Puṣyā. 55. In the chart of a house one should avoid Ṣaḍaṣṭaka, Trikoṇa and Dvi-dvādaśa. Death, quarrels and loss will occur from those combinations. So, these three Prītiyogas should be avoided. 56. If there is parity among the zodiac signs then there will be no enmity; again the vices arising from the combination of planets are removed by the planets themselves. One should not go against the favourable zodiac sign and should avoid Nāḍīvedha. 57. Brahmins, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya, Śūdra occupy Pisces and three other zodiac signs. In a house where the Varṇas are higher than the Varṇa of the house-owner, then it is not regarded as congenial. 58. All zodiac signs are auspicious for Brahmins. Nine zodiac signs for King, six for Vaiśyas, and three for Śūdras- these are the orders of the lordship of the zodiac signs. 59. A householder will count the zodiac signs of the house and the signs of the householder and consider the enmity or Maitrī. If it does not match, then one should consider Prīti. In case Prīti is favourable then other factors are to be ignored. 60. The sixth place in the chart of the house destroys its star. The fifth and third zodiacs are to be considered with the Lagna and others are of the opinion that the Meṣa and other zodiacs come at the end with Navāṁśa. 61. Aśvinī group of triple stars belong to Aries (Meṣa), Maghā group of three belong to Leo (Siṁha), Mūla group of three belong to Sagit- tarius (Dhanu) and rest belong to the (other) nine zodiac signs. Thus ends the amity of the zodiac signs

74 वास्तुमण्डनम् ३०सिंहस्याधिपतिः सूर्यश्चन्द्रमाः कर्कटाधिपः । मेषवृश्चिकयोर्भौमः कन्यामिथुनयोर्बुधः ॥ ६२ ॥ धनुर्मीनपति३१र्जीवः शुक्रो वृषतुलाधिपः । शनिर्मकरकुम्भेशः कन्या राहुगृहं भवेत् ॥ ६३ ॥ चन्द्रार्कभौमजीवाश्च शुक्रज्ञशनिराहवः । चत्वारोऽन्योन्यमित्राणि शत्रवस्ते परस्परम् ॥ ६४ ॥ रविमन्दे भवेद्वैरं तथैव कूजमन्दयोः । सोमस्य सूर्यपुत्रस्य महद्वैरं परस्परम् ॥ ६५ ॥ इति ग्रहमैत्री ॥ भवनस्योदयं क्षेत्रफलेन गणयेत्सुधीः । वसुभिर्विभजेच्छेषोऽधिपतिः ससमः शुभः ॥ ६६ ॥ यद्वा ३२व्ययाय संयोगे यदैक्यं वसुभिर्भजेत् । शेषस्त्वधिपतिः कैश्चिद्विषमः स भयावहः ॥ ६७ ॥ विकृतः कर्णकश्चैव धूम्रदो वितथेश्वरः । बिडालो दुन्दुभिश्चैव दन्तः कान्तोऽधिनायकाः ॥ ६८ ॥ इति अधिनायकाः ॥ फलमष्टगुणं कृत्वा षष्ट्या भक्तेऽवशिष्टकम् । पञ्चभिर्विभजेच्छेषं तत्वं स्यात्पार्थिवादिकम् ॥ ६९ ॥ पृथिव्यापोऽनलो वायुराकाशमिति पञ्चभिः । गृहस्यायुषि सम्पूर्णे विनाशो भवति ध्रुवम् ॥ ७० ॥ ३०. Similar verses in Apārājita pṛchhā ch 65 v. 26. ३१. जीवि in B ३२. भयाम - in D, E

Ch. II – Āyādhikāraḥ 75 62. The Sun is the lord of Leo, Moon is the lord of Cancer. Mars is the lord of Aries and Scorpio, Mercury is the lord of Virgo and Gemini. 63. Jupiter (Jīva) is the lord of Sagittarius and Pisces. Venus is the ruler of Taurus and Libra. Saturn is the lord of Capricorn and Aquarius, Virgo is in the house of Rāhu. 64. Moon, Sun Mars,Jupiter and Venus, Mercury, Saturn, Rahu-they are friendly with each other, but the first four have enmity with the last four². 65. There is enmity between Sun and Saturn and likewise be- tween Mars and Saturn. Moon and Saturn have great enmity with each other. Thus ends the amity of the planets. 66. The height of a house will be multiplied by the perimeter of the plot. The measured number will be divided by 8 and the remain- der will be the lord of the house. It is regarded as auspicious if it is Sama (even). 67. Or with the addition of the Vyaya, the total number is divided by 8 (Vasu), the remainder will be the lord. If it is Viṣama (uneven), it is dangerous. 68. Vikṛta, Karṇaka, Dhūmrada, Vitatheśvara, Viḍāla, Dundubhi, Danta, Kānta are the lord of the house. Thus ends the topic of the lord of the house. 69. Multiply the perimeter of the land by 8, and then divide it by 6, the remainder will again be divided by 5. The residue is the fact of the primary element, starting from Earth. 70. After completion of the duration of the house, it certainly gets destructed by the five elements- earth, water, fire, air and sky. 2. Enemy: Sun- Venus, Saturn Mars- Mercury Mercury- Moon Jupiter -Mercury, Venus Venus- Sun, Moon Saturn -Sun, Moon, Mars Rahu- Sun, Moon, Mars Ketu- Venus, Saturn.

76 वास्तुमण्डनम् जीर्णं ३३भवति भूतत्वे तोयाग्न्योस्तद्भवं भयम्। वायौ रोगस्तथाकाशे शून्यतामेति मन्दिरम्॥ ७१ ॥ इति पञ्चतत्वानि॥ प्रभुः पण्याङ्गना मित्रं देशो ग्रामः पुरं गृहम्। नाडि३४वेधमतं श्रेष्ठं शुभं वेधविवर्जितम्॥ ७२ ॥ एकनाडिगता यत्र गुरूमन्त्राश्च देवताः। तत्रोद्वेगं रुजं मृत्युं क्रमेण फलमादिशेत्॥ ७३ ॥ सेव्यसेवकयोश्चैव गृहं तत्स्वामिनोरपि। परस्परं मित्रयोश्च एकनाडिः प्रशस्यते॥ ७४ ॥ आद्यांशेन तुरीये स्याद्द्वितीयेन तृतीयके। तृतीयेन द्वितीये च चतुर्थेनादिमे वेधः॥ ७५ ॥ इति नाडीवेधविधिः॥ आयर्क्षं व्यय तारांशाधिपं क्षेत्रफले क्षिपेत्। अर्के भक्ते भवेल्लग्रमथ लग्नेऽष्टसंगुणे॥ ७६ ॥ हृते शरैःकैः शेषं तु तिथिर्नाम समं फलम्। तिथौ नवघ्ने वारः स्यादर्काद्यो मुनिभिर्हृते॥ ७७ ॥ इति लग्नतिथिवाराः॥ सुपर्ण ओतुः सिंहः श्वा सर्पाखुमृगमेढकाः। वर्गाधिपः क्रमादष्टौ भक्ष्यो यः पञ्चमो मतः॥ ७८ ॥ इति वर्गप्रीतिः॥ ३३. पतति - A, B, D, E ३४. तदद्दितं - in B C, तदादितं - in D, तददितं - in E

Ch. II – Āyādhikāraḥ 77 71. After the destruction of the earthy elements, there is a fear from water, fire, and disease from air as well as from the sky and the abode becomes desolate. Thus ends the theory of five elements 72. The owner of the house, commodities, women or (prostitute), friends, country, village, city and houses - for them it is best to consider the theory of nāḍivedha, as it is auspicious and to be with- out any obstruction. 73. Where there is one period of time, and the lord is Gurumantra, serially the result of anxiety, pain, and death are in order. 74. The same period of time is praiseworthy for a master, his dependent, as well as for the landlord and mutual friends. 75. There may be obstruction by the first part to the fourth part, by the second to the third, by the third to the second and by the fourth to the first part. Thus ends the rule of Nāḍivedha. 76-77. Āya³ Ṛkṣa, Vyaya, Tārā, Aṁśa, Adhipa, their numbers are to be added to find out the area of a land. By dividing this number by twelve, the reminder will be the Lagna, then the Lagna is to be multiplied with eight and divided by eight. The remainder will be Tithi and the result will be synonymous with their name. If the Tithi is multiplied by nine and divided by seven, then the Vāra starting from Sunday is available. Thus ends Lagna Tithi and Vāra. 78. Suparṇa⁴ (Garuḍa), Otu (Cat), Siṁha (Lion), Śvā (Dog), Sarpa (Snake), Ākhu (Rat), Mṛga (Deer), Meḍha (Ram), these eight are serially the lords of their place but they are enemies of their fifth place. Thus ends the amity of Varga.

3. Ṣaḍvarga-a group of six formula or proportions, six main component parts of a building, Adhiṣṭhāna (base), Pada or Stambha (column), Prastara (entablature), Karṇa (ear), Śikhara (spire), and Stupi (dome) According to Mānasāra the Āyādi Ṣaḍ varga represents a set of six formulas with which any particular measurement must conform before it can be accepted.
4. Suparṇa -enemy to Sarpa, its 5th house, otu to Ākhu likewise.

78 वास्तुमण्डनम् स्ववर्गं परवर्गं च क्रमेण क्रमतो लिखेत्। एकवर्गे च वर्गाङ्कमष्टभिर्भाजिते स्थितम् ॥ ७९ ॥ ३५तदर्धे तं विंशोपाः स्युर्दैयास्ते प्रथमेन हि। स्व सम्बन्धे गृहे ग्रामे लाभालाभे विचिन्तयेत् ॥ ८० ॥ इति विंशोपाः ॥ मयस्य च मतांद्वारतिथ्यानयनमुच्यते। ३६दैर्घ्यैकघ्ने पृथग्भागैः सप्तभिस्त्रिंशता हृते ॥ ८१ ॥ शेषाः सूर्यादयो वारास्तिथयो युग्मपक्षजाः। भौमार्कौ च तिथी रिक्ता यमो३७त्पातौ मृतिं त्यजेत् ॥ ८२ ॥ आयादिकल्पना सप्तदशाङ्गे सर्वसौख्यदा। सा तु प्राज्ञैर्विना नाल्पैर्दिवसैर्युज्यते गृहे ॥ ८३ ॥ ३८ततस्त्रिपञ्चसप्ताङ्गैरङ्गैः कार्यं गृहं बुधैः। श्रीविश्वकर्मणाप्युक्तं हीनदोषं गुणाधिकम् ॥ ८४ ॥ आयार्क्षव्यतारांशेन्दुशशिग्रहं सौहृदम्। आयुस्तैस्त्रिशराद्यंकैः फलमङ्गैः यथोत्तरम् ॥ ८५ ॥ इति सूत्रधारमण्डनविरचिते वास्तुमण्डने वास्तुशास्त्रे आयाधिकारो द्वितीयोऽध्यायः ॥ ३५. नाडिविद्धं मतं श्रेष्ठं न शुभं वैद्यवर्जितम् - in B ३६. दैर्घ्यं कुघ्नं In D, E ३७. सान्तं in B, त्पातं in CDE ३८. एतात्रिपञ्च - In D, E

Ch. II – Āyādhikāraḥ 79 79-80. One should draw oneés own Varga and other Vargas serially. In one Varga, the sum of the Varga divided by eight remains static. On the half part of that, Vimśopā is to be placed at first. It should be considered for their own sake, house, village, in gain and loss. Thus ends Vimśopā. 81-82. According to Maya it is said to bring or (consider) Vāra and Tithi, separately. The height or length(?) is to be multiplied by seven and then take away thirty; the remainder is the Vāra and Tithis at the time of sun rise in both the Pakṣas. Bhauma (Tuesday), Arka days (Sunday) and Rikta, Yama, Utpāta, Mṛti Yogas are to be discarded. 83. Āya and other plans give happiness in all respects if they are made of seventeenth parts. Without a learned person this plan cannot be applied in a house within a short time. 84. So a wise person will plan his house by three, five, seven, nine parts; it is said by Śrī Viśvakarmā that faults should be less and good qualities should be more. 85. There will be amity among Āya, Ṛkṣa, Vyaya, Tārā, Aṁśa, moon, zodiac signs and planets. Life span will be determined by three, five, nine and results will accordingly follow. Thus ends the Second Chapter titled Command of Āya, in the Vāstumaṇḍana, the Science of Architecture, written by Sūtradhāra Maṇḍana.

तृतीयोऽध्यायः [दुर्गादिलक्षणम्] बलिनाल्पबलेनापि दुर्गं कार्यं महीभुजा। रक्षणार्थं हि लोकानां तस्मात्पुण्यं महत्तरम्॥ १ ॥ जलदेव¹गृहारामतीर्थदानव्रतादिभिः। यत्पुण्यमाप्नुयाद्राजा दुर्गे दुर्गं करोति यः॥ २ ॥ अन्यवास्तुस्थितं भित्वा कुर्याद्दुर्गं दृढोन्नतम्। तत्राखिलानामाधारोऽन्यथा वित्तायुषोः क्षयः॥ ३॥ सिंहोऽपि सर्वसत्त्वानां बलवान् गिरिगह्वरे। स्थितिं कृत्वा जयत्याशु वैरिवर्गं सुदारुणम्॥ ४॥ गजानां तु सहस्रेण न च लक्षेण वाजिनाम्। यत्कृत्यं साध्यते राज्ञां दुर्गेणैकेन सिध्यति॥ ५ ॥ शतमेकोऽपि संधत्ते प्राकारस्थो धनुर्धरः। तस्माद्दुर्गं प्रशंसन्ति नीतिशास्त्रविचक्षणाः॥ ६॥ शिलादिभिस्तु प्राकारो विशालः प्रोन्नतो दृढः। शुद्धेष्टकाभिः कर्तव्यः परेषां दुर्गमो यथा॥ ७॥ प्राकारे कोष्ठका वृताः विद्याधर्यो युगास्रकाः। तन्मध्ये बाहिका बाह्ये कपिशीर्षैरलङ्कृताः॥ ८ ॥ दशार्कमनुहस्तैश्च विद्याधर्योऽपि कोष्ठकाः। तन्मध्ये बाहिका दैर्घ्ये ²त्रिगुणा कोष्ठतो भवेत्॥ ९॥ १. ग्रहा - In A २. त्रिकोणा - In B, C, D, E

Chapter III [Durgādilakṣaṇam] Now the characteristics of the forts are being described.

1. A king, whether he is powerful or weak , should construct a fort for the protection of his subjects and by this act he will attain great merit.
2. If a king builds the fort, he attains equal merit as is achieved by one who constructs water-reservoirs, temples, pleasure-gardens, holy spots bestows wealth and performs various Vratas .
3. Even after demolishing other residences, a fort¹ should be built high and strong, and after that all the people should be accommo- dated in that fort, otherwise there will be loss of wealth and life.
4. A lion is the strongest of all animals when he lives in his own mountain cave; likewise one can win over one's notorious en- emies easily (if he resides in a well constructed fort).
5. Thousands of elephants and Lakhs of horses cannot perform for a King what a fort alone can fulfill.
6. An archer standing on a rampart of a fort can fight with hundreds of people, so the experts in political science eulogize the utility of the fort.
7. The rampart (of a fort) should be huge, lofty and sturdy; it should be built of stone or pure bricks, so that it cannot be easily accessible by others .
8. The ramparts should be adorned with Koṣṭha, and on the four sides of the ramparts four chambers are to be constructed; therein idols of Vidyādharīs should be installed. Outside the cham- bers, Bāhikās ornamented with Kapiśīrṣas are to be built.
9. Koṣṭhas of the Vidyādharas will be 10, 12, or 14 hands in measure-ment. In between there will be Bāhikā which is thrice in height than the Koṣṭhaka.
10. After Chittor, Kumbhalgarh is the most famous fortress of Mewar. It is nearly inaccessible even today and can be approached only by a Jeepable road. It was built by Maharana Kumbha in 1448 on a rock plateau which was the site of an earlier ancient fortress.

82 वास्तुमण्डनम् तदूर्ध्वं कपिशीर्षाणि वसुमात्रान्तराणि च। दैर्घ्ये सार्धं द्विहस्तानि पिण्डे हस्तमितानि च॥ १०॥ कन्यसं नगरं राज्ञां हस्तैर्वेद सहस्रकैः। मध्यमं द्विगुणं तस्मान्मध्याद्द्विगुणमुत्तमम्॥ ११॥ तुल्यं ३वाष्टांश पादांश सार्धार्शैदैर्घ्यतोऽधिकम्। चतुर्विधं भवेदेकं सर्वाणि द्वादशैव हि॥ १२॥ षट्त्रिंशत्प्रथमे दुर्गे देवस्थानानि चत्वरे। षण्णां वृद्ध्या क्रमेणैव द्वादशैर्द्धयधिकं शतम्॥ १३॥ मध्ये राजगृहं कार्यं वामदक्षिणतोऽग्रतः। चत्वराः शोभिता हट्टैः पृष्ठभागे जलाशयाः॥ १४॥ फलानि नानाविधदेशजानि क्रयाणकानीह विचित्रकाणि। ताम्बुलपुष्पाम्बरमौक्तिकादि राज्ञो गृहाग्रेऽथ सुरस्य कुर्यात्॥ १५॥ पुरं प्रतोलीखटकीकपाटैर्दृढं विधेयं धनधान्यपूर्णम्। संग्रामयन्त्रैर्विविधैर्भटैश्च सुरक्षकैः सर्वसमृद्धियुक्तम्॥ १६॥ व्यासायामे कनिष्ठं तु नगरं वसुभिर्भजेत्। मध्यमं सूर्यभागैस्तु षोडशांशैस्तथोत्तमम्॥ १७॥ रेखासु ते प्रतिदिशं मार्गास्तत्र नवावरे। त्रयोदश पुरे मध्ये ज्येष्ठे सप्तदशै ४वहिः॥ १८॥ हट्टमार्गस्त्रिधा प्रोक्तो विंशत्यर्ककलाकरैः। हीनाधिकस्तु कर्तव्यो भूमिभागविशेषतः॥ १९॥ ३. चा - In A ४. चहि - In A

Ch. III – Durgādilakṣaṇam 83 10. Two Kapiśīrṣas² will be on the top, and there will be a gap of eight hands (in between the Kapiśīrṣas !). The height will be 21/ hands and the diameter will be one hand. 11. The smallest city of a king will be 1000 hands in measurement, the medium one will be double in size and the best one will be double the size of Madhyama. 12. The breadth will be respectively equal to ¹/₈ᵗʰ , ¹/₄ᵗʰ or ¹/₂ of the length . Each of the above mentioned cities will have four varieties, and therefore there will be altogether 12 types of cities. 13. In the first type of fort 36 Pādas will be marked for temples and courtyards, and this figure will be gradually increased by 12. In the way the number will go up to 102 pādas. 14. The king's palace will be in the centre and on the left, right and front sides there will be courtyards annexed with market places. The water reser- voir will be at the back side. 15. Varieties of fruits from different places, different types of sellable items, betel nuts, flowers, garments, pearls, etc should be displayed in the front side of the palace of the King as well as of the temple. 16. The city will be strengthened with Pratolī , Khaṭakī, Kapāṭa and it will be full of grains and wealth. The place will be well protected with different types of war equipments, well protected warriors; thus the city will be associated with all prosperity. 17. The city which is smallest in length and breadth will be divided by 8, the medium one by 12, and the best one by 16. 18. Along the measure of lines, roads will be drawn on all directions, 9 for the smallest one, 13 for the medium and 17 for the largest type of city from outside. 19. The market roads will be of three types. They are in number 20, 12 or 16. According to the availability of space, they may be more or less in number. 2. These parapets were decorated with the battlements like the Kapiśīrṣakas-Kaṅgooras. Their height should be of one hasta. Another element of beautification and defence was Kāṇḍavāriṇī, the chāldivāri.” Vāstuśāstra Part I, Pg 289.

84 वास्तुमण्डनम् दुर्गे भूमिवशात्कार्या हट्टमार्गजलाशयाः । सर्वत्र राज्ञ आदेशात्प्रासादभवनादिकम् ॥ २० ॥ कोष्ठे विद्याधरी बाह्या ५द्विहस्तान्यधिकोदयौ । गूढं युद्धासनं कोष्ठे तस्यां वा कारयेत्सुधीः ॥ २१ ॥ गढमध्ये चतुर्दिक्षु मार्गं कुर्यात्प्रदक्षिणम् । तत्र दुर्गे भवेद्रक्षा गजवाजिपदातिभिः ॥ २२ ॥ तन्मार्गान्मध्यदेशे तु गृहाणि विनिवेशयेत् । दृढानि पुरगोतृणां परेषां द्वेषिणामपि ॥ २३ ॥ ब्राह्मणान्वासयेत्प्राच्यां क्षत्रं याम्योत्तरे विशः । वापीकूपादिवारुण्यामुत्तरस्यां तु शूद्रकान् ॥ २४ ॥ शिल्पिरङ्गकरानीशे वह्नौ तज्जीविनोऽन्त्यजान् । नैर्ऋत्ये शौण्डिकान् वेश्यां वायव्ये लुब्धकादिकान् ॥ २५ ॥ वराहः ॥ कोणेषु वसतां दोषाः पुरग्रामगृहादिषु । तेष्वेव वृद्धिमायाति अन्त्यजाः श्वपचादयः ॥ २६ ॥ ईशकोणे न्यसेत्सूर्यं वह्निकोणे गणाधिपम् । नैर्ऋत्ये च सहस्राक्षं वायव्यां तु जनार्दनम् ॥ २७ ॥ पूर्वापरमुखादेवा कार्या न दक्षिणोत्तराः । नगराभिमुखा श्रेष्ठा भङ्गदास्ते पराङ्मुखाः ॥ २८ ॥ गणेशो भैरवश्चण्डी नकुलीशो ग्रहस्तथा । मातरोमूर्त्तयो देव्याः शुभा दक्षिणदिङ्मुखाः ॥ २९ ॥ हनुमान्वानरः श्रेष्ठो नैर्ऋत्यादिमुखो भवेत् । गणेशो धनदो लक्ष्मीः पुरद्वारे सुखावहाः ॥ ३० ॥ ५. हस्ताल्य - In A, हस्ताम्य - In D E

Ch. III – Durgādilakṣaṇam 85 20. In a fort, according to the availability of land and with the permis- sion of the king, market roads, water reservoirs, palaces, and houses, will be built. 21. The chamber of Vidyādharīs will be constructed outside and its height will be more than two hands. In that chamber, hidden seats for the warriors should be made by the expert architect. 22.Inside, circling the fort, there should be provision for streets on all four sides. In this way, the fort will be protected by el- ephants, horses, and warriors. 23. The houses are to be built in between two roads. Strong houses are to be built for cows and other people who are opposed to the enemies of the king. 24. Brahmins will reside in the Eastern (Prācyām) direction, Kṣatriyas in the South (Yāmya), Vaiśyas in the North. Water-tanks, wells, will be in the west and Śūdras will reside in the North. 25. Artists, actors will settle in the North-East (Īśa), those who survive based on such other professions and untouchables at the South- East (Vahni) corner, wine sellers and prostitutes towards the South- West (Nairṛtya) and the hunters (Lubdhakas) should be settled at the North-West (Vāyu) direction. Varāha. 26. In a city village or house it is inauspicious if someone resides in a corner plot, but the same will be prosperous for untouchables and Caṇḍālas. 27. The Sun God will be placed in the Īśa corner, Gaṇādhipa in the Vahni corner, Sahasrākṣa (Indra) in the Nairtya and Janārdana will be placed in the Vāyu corner. 28. The God should face either towards East or West, never towards South or North. It is best if they face towards the city other-wise the deities will break. 29. The temples of Gaṇeśa, Bhairava, Caṇḍī, Nakula as well as other planets, and mother goddess are regarded as auspicious if they face towards the South. 30. The apes (Hanumān), monkeys are best if their faces are towards the South-West (Nairṛtya) corner. Gaṇeśa, Dhanada (Kubera) and Lakṣmī bring hap-piness if placed on the palace gate.

86 वास्तुमण्डनम् वृत्तं वृत्तायताष्टास्रे अष्टपत्रं यवाकृतिः । स्वस्तिकं पुरुषाकारं दुर्गमित्यादौ सौख्यदम् ॥ ३१ ॥ एक द्वि शकटाकारं त्रिकोणं रसकोणकम्। वज्रत्रिशूलभुजगाकारं कर्णाधिकं त्यजेत् ॥ ३२ ॥ नगरं शोभितं कार्यं हट्टप्राकारगोपुरैः । प्रसादभवनोद्यानकीर्तिस्तम्भजलाशयैः ॥ ३३ ॥ पुरार्धेन भवेद्ग्रामो ग्रामार्धेन तु खेटकम्। खेटकार्धेन कूटं स्यात्कूटार्धेन तु कर्वटम् ॥ ३४ ॥ पुरे ग्रामे क्रमान्मार्गाः खेटे कूटे च कर्वटे । कार्या सप्तदशाङ्केषु त्रिद्विसंख्या दिशं प्रति ॥ ३५ ॥ इति दुर्गनगरादिलक्षणम् ॥ दुर्गाणां रक्षणार्थाय यन्त्राः कार्या यथाविधिः । भवन्ति जयदा राज्ञां मद्य^६मांसादिपूजिताः ॥ ३६ ॥ देवास

Ch. III – Durgādilakṣaṇam 87 31. The fort brings happiness if its shape is circle, oval, eight cor- nered, eight sided, and shape of a barley, Svastika or Puruṣa. 32. One or two may be of the shape of a cart and a fort may have three or six corners in the shape of Vajra, trident or serpent; ex- cess corners should be discarded. 33. The city should be decorated with markets, ramparts, Gopuras, pal- aces, houses, gardens, pillars of fame and water reservoirs. 34. A village will be half of a city, a Kheṭaka will be half of a village, a Kūṭa will be half of a Kheṭaka, and a Karvaṭa will be half of a Kūṭa. 35. In a city, village, Kheṭaka, Kūṭa, or Karvaṭa the roads should be serially constructed. Among the 17 number of roads there will be three or two roads in each direction. These are the characteristics of a fort and a city-etc. 36. For the protection of a fort, machines should be manufactured in the prescribed method. The king will be victorious if he worships those with offerings of wine and meat. 37. While the war was going on between the Gods and demons, the powerful demons overpowered the Gods. At that time, Lord Śiva narrated the method of making weapons to Viśvakarmā. 38. Those weapons were of different types and made of stone, which were devoid of blood stains. (After their use) the demons were unable to get up and the Gods became winners . 39. Among eighty four types of machineries, nine are meant for using in the air, nine are for water. Firearms are of six types and war machines are of sixty varieties. 40. The weapon, which has an eight cubit long rod, is known as Bhairava, while Candrasampatti is known to have nine cubits and Ādibhairava is with ten cubit long rods.

88 वास्तुमण्डनम् यस्य रुद्रकरैर्यष्टी गजभीमः स उच्यते। अर्कहस्तायता यस्य स यन्त्रो युग्मभैरवः ॥ ४१ ॥ त्रयोदशकरैर्वह्निर्यमदण्डश्चतुर्दश । तिथिहस्तो महारौद्र इत्यष्टौ भैरवा मताः ॥ ४२ ॥ मर्कटी भैरवाख्यस्य त्रिकरा मध्यतः शुभाः। द्वात्रिंशदङ्गुलां यष्टीं तस्या पृष्ठे तु कारयेत् ॥ ४३ ॥ पिण्डे षडङ्गुला यष्टी पृष्ठे व्यासे कलाङ्गुलाः । अग्रे वेदाङ्गुला ‘पृष्ठे कर्तव्या दृढकाष्ठजाः ॥ ४४ ॥ पृष्ठे छिद्रं तु यष्ट्याश्च मध्याद्भेदाङ्गुलं भवेत्। मर्कटी सुदृढा पिण्डे कर्त्तव्याऽष्टाङ्गुला समा ॥ ४५ ॥ लोहेन चर्मणा यष्टीं मर्कटीं कारयेद्दृढाम्। अग्राङ्गुली ‘प्रकर्त्तव्येत्वष्टमात्रे सुलोहजे ॥ ४६ ॥ गोः फणा वसुहस्ता च दैर्घ्ये सूत्रदुकूलजाः । फणा कलाङ्गुला व्यासे दैर्घ्य तद्विगुणा मताः ॥ ४७ ॥ नखाङ्गुला वा कर्तव्यो बाहुपाषाणवाहने । पञ्जरं त्रिकरं दैर्घ्ये वेदाङ्गुलिसमन्वितम् ॥ ४८ ॥ मर्कट्यङ्गे द्विहस्तं च पृथुत्वे(ऽ)ब्धिषडङ्गुलम् । द्वौ स्तम्भौ पञ्जरस्यापि कुलिन्दाख्यौ प्रकीर्त्तितौ ॥ ४९ ॥ मूर्ध्नि छिद्रे तयोर्यष्ट्याः पृष्ठछिद्रे इषु क्षिपेत्। दृढां धातुमयीं कीलां पञ्जरस्यावलम्बने ॥ ५० ॥ पञ्जरं पूरयेद्धातुपाषाणैर्यन्त्रवाहने । सुदृढं कीलकै पट्टी चर्मभिः कारयेदिदम् ॥ ५१ ॥ ८. पिंडे - In A ९. कर्तव्या अष्ट - In A

Ch. III - Durgādilakṣaṇam 89 41. That rod which is eleven cubits long, is known as Gajabhīma, (while) Yugmabhairava has twelve cubits long rods. 42. Vahni is known to have thirteen cubit long rods and Yamadaṇḍa has fourteen cubits. Mahāraudra has 15 cubits long rods and these eight fall into the Bhairava category. 43. Markaṭī falls into the Bhairava category and it is auspicious if its middle part is three hands in length; at its back, a rod measuring 32 fingers in length is to be fixed. 44. A sixth Aṅgula rod should be fixed on the back side of the Piṇḍa(base) and the width of the rod will be two Aṅgulas (Kalāṅgulas). The front part of the base(Piṇḍa) will be four Aṅgulas and the back part should be made of strong wood. 45. The hole at the back of the rod will be measured at a distance of four Aṅgulas, Markaṭī should be firm at the base(Piṇḍa) and it should be equal to eight Aṅgulas. 46. Both the rod and the lever (Markaṭī) should be made strong with iron or leather belts. The front part should be made of iron and measure eight Aṅgulas. 47. A bandage used as a catapult (Gophaṇā) will be eight hands in length and the material will be made of silk thread. The cap will be two Aṅgulas in breadth and double the size in length. 48. The iron cage (Pañjara) will be three hands and four Aṅgulas in length (or fourfold), and it may be fitted with hands and claws for bringing stones. 49. The Markaṭī will be two hands in diameter and its breadth will be thirteen Aṅgulas. The two pillars of the Pañjara will be known as Kulinda. 50. There will be a hole on the top of those two rods/and on the back-side also, through which arrows are to be shot. Strong metal nails will support this Pañjara (cage). 51. The Pañjara should be filled up with stones, metals, and it should be made strong with the help of nails and leather covers.